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Cited by 314Microplastics and Plastic PollutionPharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental ImpactsEnvironmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology

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Environmental occurrence, fate, impact, and potential solution of tire microplastics: Similarities and differences with tire wear particles

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Luo, Zhuanxi, Zhou, Xinyi, Su, Yu, Wang, Haiming, Yu, Ruilian, Zhou, Shufeng, Xu, Elvis Genbo, Xing, Baoshan·2021·Science of The Total Environment
DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148902
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Abstract

Tire microplastics (TMPs) are identified as one of the most abundant types of microplastics, which originate from rubber with intended or unintended release. While increasing knowledge about TMPs concentrates on tire wear particles (TWPs), TMPs from other potential sources like recycled tire crumb (RTC) and tire repair-polished debris (TRD) are much less understood. Excessive levels of TMPs and their additives have been fragmentarily reported in the environment. The accumulating environmental TMPs from different sources may directly or indirectly cause adverse impacts on the environment and human health. The objectives of this review are to (1) summarize the properties, abundance, and sources of TMPs in the environment; (2) analyze the environmental fates and behaviors of TMPs, including their roles in carrying abiotic and biotic co-contaminants; (3) evaluate the potential impacts of TMPs on terrestrial and aquatic organisms, as well as human; and (4) discuss the potential solutions to mitigate the TMP pollution. By collecting and analyzing the up-to-date literature, this review enhances our better understanding of the environmental occurrence, fates, impacts, and potential solutions of TMPs, and further highlights critical knowledge gaps and future research directions that require cooperative efforts of scientists, policymakers, and public educators.

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  • Main determinants of tire wear particles include automobile weight, tire size, tire quantity, tire quality, road roughness, driving distance, and traffic density.

    “Main determinants of tire wear particles include automobile weight, tire size, tire quantity, tire quality, road roughness, driving distance, and traffic density (Luo et al., 2021).”

    From Review of emerging contaminants in green stormwater infrastructure: antibiotic resistance genes, microplastics, tire wear particles, PFAS, and temperature (2024) · cites this paper as Luo et al., 2021

    Section 3, “Occurrence and amount of TMPs” (page unavailable), lists tire quantity and quality, road conditions, driving distance, and automobile types and sizes as factors affecting environmental tire-microplastic amounts. It does not specifically identify automobile weight, tire size, road roughness, or traffic density as determinants of tire wear particles; automobile size and general road conditions are broader or different terms. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Metadata

Authors
Luo, Z., Zhou, X., Su, Y., Wang, H., Yu, R., Zhou, S., Xu, E. G., & Xing, B.
Affiliations
  • Huaqiao University (CN)
  • State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse (CN)
  • University of Southern Denmark (DK)
  • University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
Corresponding author
  • Luo, Zhuanxi
  • Xing, Baoshan
ORCID
Venue
Science of The Total Environment
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-11
Volume
795
Pages
148902
ISSN
0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148902
OpenAlex
W3177798152
Cited by
314
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 54 · 2025: 78 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 6
FWCI
2.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Science of The Total Environment (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
National Major Science and Technology Projects of China
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
Keywords
tire wear particles, environmental fate, microplastic sources, co-contamination, ecotoxicity, human health risk, pollution reduction, rubber additives
MeSH terms
Microplastics, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollution, Humans, Plastics, Rubber, Aquatic Organisms

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