The DOI matches its Crossref record; 150 of the 150 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Hydrothermal carbonization of food waste for sustainable biofuel production: Advancements, challenges, and future prospects
Abstract
With the improvement of living standards, food waste (FW) has become one of the most important organic solid wastes worldwide. Owing to the high moisture content of FW, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology that can directly utilize the moisture in FW as the reaction medium, is widely used. Under mild reaction conditions and short treatment cycle, this technology can effectively and stably convert high-moisture FW into environmentally friendly hydrochar fuel. In view of the importance of this topic, this study comprehensively reviews the research progress of HTC of FW for biofuel synthesis, and critically summarizes the process parameters, carbonization mechanism, and clean applications. Physicochemical properties and micromorphological evolution of hydrochar, hydrothermal chemical reactions of each model component, and potential risks of hydrochar as a fuel are highlighted. Furthermore, carbonization mechanism of the HTC treatment process of FW and the granulation mechanism of hydrochar are systematically reviewed. Finally, potential risks and knowledge gaps in the synthesis of hydrochar from FW are presented and new coupling technologies are pointed out, highlighting the challenges and prospects of this study.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The hydrochar predominantly comprises aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons61, evident in a broad diffraction peak within the 15–21° range, characteristic of the amorphous carbon diffraction pattern62.”
From Efficient CO2 adsorption by deoiled flaxseed hydrochar (2024) · cites this paper as [61]
Citations
Cites
Peterson, A. A., Vogel, F., Lachance, R. P., Fröling, M., Antal, Jr., & Tester, J. W. (2008) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/b810100k · Cited by 2,132
The production of carbon materials by hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose
Sevilla, M., & Fuertes, A. B. (2009) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2009.04.026 · Cited by 2,021
Funke, A., & Ziegler, F. (2010) · Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining · doi:10.1002/bbb.198 · Cited by 2,001
Kambo, H. S., & Dutta, A. (2015) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.050 · Cited by 1,746
Sevilla, M., & Fuertes, A. B. (2009) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.200802097 · Cited by 1,529
Wang, T., Zhai, Y., Zhu, Y., Li, C., & Zeng, G. (2018) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.071 · Cited by 1,365
Fractionation of lignocellulosics by steam-aqueous pretreatments
Overend, R. P., & Chornet, E. (1987) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.1987.0029 · Cited by 1,288
Hydrothermal processing of lignocellulosic materials
Garrote, G., Domínguez, H., & Parajó, J. C. (1999) · Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff · doi:10.1007/s001070050039 · Cited by 880
Falco, C., Baccile, N., & Titirici, M. (2011) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c1gc15742f · Cited by 813
Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Hoekman, S. K., Broch, A., & Robbins, C. (2011) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/ef101745n · Cited by 742
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Ke, 2021, Microwaveassisted thermochemical conversion technologies for biomass, J. Norsteast Elec. Power Univ., 41, 1
- Li, 2022, Research statuses of resource utilization technologies of municipal sludge via thermochemical conversion, J. Norsteast Elec. Power Univ., 42, 71
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A review: Hydrochar as potential adsorbents for wastewater treatment and CO2 adsorption
Jalilian, M., Bissessur, R., Ahmed, M., Hsiao, A. C., He, Q. S., & Hu, Y. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169823 · Cited by 99
Shukla, K. A., Sofian, A. D. A. B. A., Singh, A. K., Chen, W., Show, P. L., & Chan, Y. J. (2024) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141457 · Cited by 97
Biomass to biofuel: Impacts and mitigation of environmental, health, and socioeconomic challenges
Chowdhury, P., Mahi, N. A., Yeassin, R., Chowdhury, N.-U.-R., & Farrok, O. (2025) · Energy Conversion and Management X · doi:10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100889 · Cited by 104
Biofuel production for circular bioeconomy: Present scenario and future scope
Ye, Y., Guo, W., Ngo, H. H., Wei, W., Cheng, D., Bui, X., Hoang, N. B., & Zhang, H. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172863 · Cited by 82
Biomass Hydrochar: A Critical Review of Process Chemistry, Synthesis Methodology, and Applications
Ighalo, J. O., Akaeme, F. C., Georgin, J., de Oliveira, J. S., & Franco, D. S. P. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17041660 · Cited by 77
Ansari, S. A., Kumar, T., Sawarkar, R., Gobade, M., Khan, D., & Singh, L. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121439 · Cited by 71
Wang, Q., Hu, Z., Shao, W., Wang, Z., Liu, H., Li, X., & Cui, D. (2024) · Journal of the Energy Institute · doi:10.1016/j.joei.2024.101531 · Cited by 62
Self-citationWu, S., Wang, Q., Cui, D., Wang, X., Wu, D., Bai, J., Xu, F., Wang, Z., & Zhang, J. (2023) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139660 · Cited by 63
Self-citationXu, Z.-X., Dou, R., Gao, F., Chen, Y., Leng, L., Osman, S. M., & Luque, R. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.151685 · Cited by 61
Rojas, M., Manrique, R., Hornung, U., Funke, A., Mullen, C. A., Chejne, F., & Maya, J. C. (2025) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107621 · Cited by 60
A review of lignocellulosic biomass-based shape-stable composite phase change materials
Sun, M., Wang, Q., & Di, H. (2023) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.109114 · Cited by 55
Self-citationDhull, S. B., Rose, P. K., Rani, J., Gökşen, G., & Bains, A. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.151609 · Cited by 55
Review of Advanced Technologies and Circular Pathways for Food Waste Valorization
Arvelli, S., Jia, L., Zhang, M., & Zhao, J. (2025) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5c03394 · Cited by 52
Turning Food Loss and Food Waste into Watts: A Review of Food Waste as an Energy Source
Economou, F., Voukkali, I., Papamichael, I., Phinikettou, V., Loizia, P., Naddeo, V., Sospiro, P., Liscio, M. C., Zoumides, C., Țîrcă, D.-M., et al. (2024) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en17133191 · Cited by 46
Li, X., Wang, Q., Wu, S., Hu, Z., & Bai, J. (2024) · Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.scp.2024.101492 · Cited by 44
Self-citationFernandes, F., Delerue-Matos, C. M., & Grosso, C. (2024) · Waste and Biomass Valorization · doi:10.1007/s12649-024-02622-0 · Cited by 43
Wang, Q., Sun, H., Wu, S., Pan, S., Cui, D., Wu, D., Xu, F., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Journal of the Energy Institute · doi:10.1016/j.joei.2023.101357 · Cited by 42
Self-citationWu, S., Wang, Q., Wu, D., Cui, D., Wu, C., Bai, J., Xu, F., Liu, B., Shan, Z., & Zhang, J. (2023) · Journal of the Energy Institute · doi:10.1016/j.joei.2023.101459 · Cited by 42
Self-citationWang, Q., Chen, J., Lian, Y., Xiong, Q., Hayashi, J., Huang, C., Ragauskas, A. J., Meng, X., & Zhou, Y. (2025) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124027 · Cited by 42
Self-citationDuarah, P., Debnath, B., & Purkait, M. K. (2024) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119364 · Cited by 38
Shao, Y., Li, C., Fan, M., Gao, G., Jiang, Y., Sun, K., Zhang, L., Zhang, S., Xu, L., & Hu, X. (2023) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117515 · Cited by 35
A review of nanotechnology in enzyme cascade to address challenges in pre-treating biomass
Hussain, A., Parveen, F., Saxena, A., & Ashfaque, M. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132466 · Cited by 34
Kousar, S., Fan, M., Javed, K., Rashid, M., Zhang, S., & Hu, X. (2024) · Journal of Water Process Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.105799 · Cited by 35
Wu, S., Wang, Q., Luk, H. M., Wu, D., Lu, Q., Pan, S., Bai, J., Cui, D., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122142 · Cited by 37
Self-citationLi, L. S., Jin, Z., Wang, C., & Wang, Y. (2024) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.4c02319 · Cited by 32
Wang, X., Duo, J., Jin, Z., Yang, F., Lai, T., & Collins, E. (2025) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy15020327 · Cited by 38
Simić, M., Petrović, J. T., Koprivica, M., Ercegović, M., Dimitrijević, J., Vuković, N. S., & Fiol, N. (2025) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics13060459 · Cited by 31
Wang, H., Meng, H., Olowoyo, J. O., Zeng, Y., & Zheng, Y. (2025) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano15040309 · Cited by 32
Fallah, S., Alavi, N., Tavakoli, O., Shahsavani, A., & Sadani, M. (2023) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117647 · Cited by 29
Luo, X., Pei, X., Zhang, X., Du, H., Ju, L., Li, S., Chen, L., & Zhang, J. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.121023 · Cited by 27
Xu, H., Chen, T., Shan, Y., Chen, K., Ling, N., Ren, L., Qu, H., Berge, N. D., Flora, J. R. V., Goel, R., et al. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.153710 · Cited by 26
Waste-derived carbon nanostructures (WD-CNs): An innovative step toward waste to treasury
Omar, R. A., Talreja, N., Chuhan, D., & Ashfaq, M. (2024) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.118096 · Cited by 25
Cardarelli, A., & Barbanera, M. (2024) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2024.132256 · Cited by 26
Pasipanodya, D., Seedat, N., Patel, B., & Roopchund, R. (2024) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-024-06097-w · Cited by 25
Gong, M., Liu, P., Xu, F., Qiao, X., Feng, J., Su, Y., & Fan, Y. (2025) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2025.116458 · Cited by 26
Self-citationSun, S., Wang, Q., Wang, X., Wu, C., Zhang, X., Bai, J., & Sun, B. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167061 · Cited by 26
Self-citationCui, D., Zhang, P., Wu, S., Luk, H. M., Wu, Y., Liu, B., Pan, S., Bai, J., Wang, Q., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2025.134639 · Cited by 24
Self-citationSun, Y., Sun, Y., Ren, X., Xuan, Y., Liu, M., Bai, G., & Jiang, F. (2024) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131735 · Cited by 23
Innovations in food waste management: from resource recovery to sustainable solutions
Xiao, N., Kong, L., Wei, M., Hu, X., & Li, O. (2024) · Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy · doi:10.1007/s42768-024-00201-6 · Cited by 24
Yang, X., Wang, B., Song, X., & Cheng, F. (2023) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140382 · Cited by 24
Wen, H., Li, J., Wang, X., Mao, W., He, Y., Cao, X., Yang, H., Zhang, J., Xu, S., & Gu, L. (2025) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134627 · Cited by 19
Wu, C., Wang, Q., Wang, X., Sun, S., Cui, D., Pan, S., & Sheng, H. (2023) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.109220 · Cited by 18
Self-citationGonzález-Fernández, L. A., Medellín-Castillo, N. A., Navarro-Frómeta, A. E., Ramos, V. C., Sánchez‐Polo, M., & Carrasco-Marı́n, F. (2024) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2024.119651 · Cited by 20
Karim, A. A., Martínez‐Cartas, M. L., & Cuevas-Aranda, M. (2024) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106801 · Cited by 18
Zhang, J., Li, Y., Xiao, W., Zhang, Y., Zhang, P., Chen, L., Fang, W., Zhang, G., Tao, X., & Li, Y. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.160711 · Cited by 17
Brebu, M. A., Butnaru, E., Stoleru, E., & Sim, S. F. (2025) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2025.137637 · Cited by 17
Zhang, L., Wang, Q., Xu, F., & Wang, Z. (2023) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d3ra04986h · Cited by 17
Self-citationThakur, S., Bains, A., Kumar, A., Gökşen, G., Yaqoob, M., Parvez, M. K., Al-Dosari, M. S., & Chawla, P. (2024) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2024.103764 · Cited by 17
Gouda, A., Merhi, N., Hmadeh, M., Cecchi, T., Santato, C., & Sain, M. M. (2025) · Global Challenges · doi:10.1002/gch2.202400240 · Cited by 16
Comprehensive utilization for hydrothermal conversion products of food waste
Bao, R., Wang, S., Feng, J., Liu, K., Liu, H., Zhang, F., Duan, Y., Li, Z., & Yang, J. (2024) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142115 · Cited by 16
Recent advances in Biomass-Derived hydrochar for photocatalytic and electrocatalytic applications
Meng, X., Liu, X., Zeng, D., Huang, Y., Wang, H., Li, Z., & Yu, C. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Science · doi:10.1016/j.ces.2025.121435 · Cited by 15
Licursi, D., Galletti, A. M. R., Bertini, B., Ardemani, L., Scotti, N., Fidio, N. D., Fulignati, S., & Antonetti, C. (2023) · Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.scp.2023.101216 · Cited by 16
Yadav, S., Doki, M. M., Ghangrekar, M. M., & Dubey, B. (2024) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d4gc04081c · Cited by 14
Bio-coal Synthesis via Hydrothermal Carbonization of Giant Salvinia for a High-Quality Solid Biofuel
Phuthongkhao, P., Khunphonoi, R., Khemthong, P., Suwannaruang, T., & Wantala, K. (2024) · BioEnergy Research · doi:10.1007/s12155-024-10766-z · Cited by 13
Yang, C., Xia, P., Zhao, L., Wang, K., Wang, B., Huang, R., Yang, H., & Yao, Y. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143524 · Cited by 13
Ji, R., Yang, Y., Wu, Y., Zhu, C., Min, J., Liu, C., Zhang, L., Cheng, H., Xue, J., & Zhou, D. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177209 · Cited by 15
Wu, S., Wang, Q., Chen, G., Cui, D., Wu, D., Bai, J., Liu, B., & Shan, M. (2024) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2024.132270 · Cited by 12
Self-citationOwsianiak, M., Fózer, D., Chrzanowski, Ł., Renz, M., Nowacki, B., & Ryberg, M. W. (2024) · EFB Bioeconomy Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bioeco.2024.100069 · Cited by 12
Luo, Y., Mi, T., Huang, F., Kuang, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., Zheng, C., Zhou, X. H., Xin, S., & Liu, X. (2024) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133776 · Cited by 12
Naeem, M. M., Kousar, S., Jiang, Y., Fan, M., Inkoua, S., Zhang, S., & Hu, X. (2025) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108393 · Cited by 11
Milenković, M., Pašti, T. D. L., Baena‐Moreno, F. M., Marinović-Cincović, M. T., Porobić, S., & Simić, M. (2026) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138967 · Cited by 13
Hydrothermal carbonization of sugar beet pulp: optimization and characterization
Uzun, Z. Y. (2024) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-024-05474-9 · Cited by 11
Yang, Y., Zhou, Z., Wang, J., Wei, J., Bai, Y., Ding, L., Zhang, Y., Song, X., Su, W., Lv, P. F., et al. (2024) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106570 · Cited by 11
An extensive analysis of the utilisation of phase change materials in food storage process
Han, L., Zhang, S., Wright, E., Zheng, X., & Yan, Y. (2025) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2025.115391 · Cited by 12
Hayder, A., Mazhkoo, S., Patel, V., Norouzi, O., Santos, R. M., & Dutta, A. (2025) · Waste and Biomass Valorization · doi:10.1007/s12649-025-02946-5 · Cited by 10
Migration Mechanism of Chlorine during Hydrothermal Treatment of Rigid PVC Plastics
Zhang, L., Wang, Q., Xu, F., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma16175840 · Cited by 11
Self-citationÖç, S., Teğin, İ., Yabalak, E., & Saka, C. (2023) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-023-05242-1 · Cited by 11
Zijlstra, D. S., Visser, M., Cobussen-Pool, E., Slort, D. J., Nanou, P., Pels, J. R., & Wray, H. E. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16020850 · Cited by 10
Han, M., Liu, H., Chen, D., Feng, Y., Tang, Y., Zhang, Q., An, Q., Hu, W., Jin, Z., & Yan, K. (2024) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2024.121168 · Cited by 10
Hydrothermal carbonization materials of leather and paper mill sludge for solid biofuel applications
Senthil, R. (2025) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2025.106976 · Cited by 10
Safdar, R., Mahari, W. A. W., Foong, S. Y., Chan, Y. H., Liew, R. K., Lan, J. C., Rajamohan, N., Verma, M., Peng, W., & Lam, S. S. (2025) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.359 · Cited by 10
Zhang, Y., Fakudze, S., Han, X., Zhang, Y., Zhou, J., & Chen, J. (2024) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2024.131131 · Cited by 10
Rasaq, W. A., Valentin, M. T., Świechowski, K., Igwegbe, C. A., & Białowiec, A. (2025) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134471 · Cited by 9
Imran, S., Hussain, M., Akhter, P., Jamil, F., Musaddiq, S., Allahyari, S., & Park, Y.-K. (2025) · Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers · doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106099 · Cited by 9
Effect of process variables on hydrothermal carbonization of food waste
Ajagbe, Y. O., Durukan, İ., Ercan, B., Alper, K., Uçar, S., Tekin, K., & Karagöz, S. (2025) · Journal of the Energy Institute · doi:10.1016/j.joei.2025.102119 · Cited by 9
Wei, X. L., Ma, Z., Wang, T., Jin, S., Li, Y., Wang, Y., & Yu, Y. (2025) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2025.124162 · Cited by 9
Ecotoxicity assessment of hydrochar from hydrothermal carbonization of biomass waste
Colin, J., Sarrión, A., Díaz, E., la Rubia, M. A. D., & Mohedano, A. F. (2025) · Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.scp.2025.101909 · Cited by 8
Zhao, J., Zhao, J., Li, J., Yan, B., Wu, W., Chen, G., Cui, X., & Zhang, H. (2025) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107039 · Cited by 8
Li, X., Wang, Q., Wu, S., Wu, D., Wu, C., Cui, D., & Bai, J. (2025) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma18133127 · Cited by 8
Self-citationRecent progress in food waste-derived porous carbons for supercapacitors
Guo, S., Zhang, D., Zhao, Y., Qu, H., Li, X., & Shen, Y. (2025) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d5gc05691h · Cited by 8
Kabir, M., Cortés, I. L., Gisbert, C. M. F., Moposita-Vasquez, D.-D., & Velázquez-Martí, B. (2026) · Biomass · doi:10.3390/biomass6020024 · Cited by 10
Puķe, M., Godiņa, D., & Brazdausks, P. (2024) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym16050707 · Cited by 8
Guo, W., Zhang, Z., Wang, B., Xue, L., & Feng, Y. (2024) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.024 · Cited by 8
Canencio, K. N. P., Montaño, M. E. A., Giona, R. M., & Bail, A. (2024) · Environmental Engineering Research · doi:10.4491/eer.2024.247 · Cited by 9
Hydrothermal valorization of alcohol industry residues: Current advances and future directions
Chen, M., Meng, X., Yang, J., Leng, L., Zhan, H., & Li, H. (2025) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135340 · Cited by 7
Sánchez-Silva, J. M., Aguilar‐Aguilar, A., Sangaré, D., & Ocampo‐Pérez, R. (2025) · Next Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100150 · Cited by 7
Bhoumick, M. C., Paul, S., Roy, S., Harvey, B. G., & Mitra, S. (2024) · Membranes · doi:10.3390/membranes14020049 · Cited by 6
Sultana, N., Islam, M. A., Liu, Z., Hameed, B. H., & Islam, M. A. (2024) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-024-05412-9 · Cited by 6
Wei, X. L., Wang, T., Jin, S., Ma, Z., Li, Y., Yu, Y., & Wu, S. (2025) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2025.115958 · Cited by 6
Self-citationPotential mechanisms and application of biochar in electrochemical systems
Pandit, C., Wang, C., & Ong, H. C. (2025) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126351 · Cited by 5
Porous Carbon Derived From Food Waste for Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Huynh, K., Umeda, I., Maddipudi, B., Shende, A. R., Kumar, S., & Shende, R. V. (2025) · Energy Storage · doi:10.1002/est2.70230 · Cited by 5
Chen, X., Hao, Y., Lin, W., Xie, L., Yang, R., Xiang, W., Gong, Z., Feng, G., Liu, H., & Tang, J. (2025) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2025.105385 · Cited by 5
Thanigaivel, S., Kamalesh, R., Kadirvel, V., Yaashikaa, P. R., Saravanan, A., & Vickram, A. S. (2026) · Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy · doi:10.1007/s42768-026-00287-0 · Cited by 5
Jing, C., Zhang, C., Luo, X., & Zheng, Z. (2023) · Fermentation · doi:10.3390/fermentation10010010 · Cited by 5
Volarization of agro farm yard waste into bioenergy: present state and future directions
Asfaw, B. T., Gari, M. T., Jeyapaul, A. S., Jayakumar, M., & Baskar, G. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-29254-5.00008-4 · Cited by 5
Sustainable removal of organic pollutants using flax shives-derived hydrochar
Rajput, H., Anh, K. N., Changotra, R., Sun, X., Zhong, X., & He, Q. (2025) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108209 · Cited by 5
Degradation of toxic components in kitchen waste during hydrothermal carbonization process
Zhang, X., Liu, H., Yang, G., & Yao, H. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.155746 · Cited by 5
Efficient CO2 adsorption by deoiled flaxseed hydrochar
Arefizadeh, M., Behvandi, D., Shahhosseini, S., & Ghaemi, A. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-78177-w · Cited by 4
Jin, S., Ma, Z., Wang, T., Wei, X. L., Li, Y., Wang, Y., & Yu, Y. (2025) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137854 · Cited by 4
Feng, Y., Hu, X., Xue, Y., Tang, X., Xu, D., Zhang, Y., & Wu, Y. (2025) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2025.119889 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Wu, S., Wang, Q., Fang, M., Wu, D., Cui, D., Pan, S., Bai, J., Xu, F., & Wang, Z.
- Affiliations
- Northeast Electric Power University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Qing
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-11
- Volume
- 897
- Pages
- 165327
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4383376047
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 150
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 16
- FWCI
- 3.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program (20200403162SF, 20210203118SF, 20210508052RQ)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Municipal Solid Waste Management
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Catalysts for Methane Reforming
- Keywords
- hydrothermal carbonization, food waste, hydrochar, biofuel production, carbonization mechanism, process parameters
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review