Cited by 2,001Thermochemical Biomass Conversion ProcessesBiofuel production and bioconversionMining and Gasification Technologies

Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: A summary and discussion of chemical mechanisms for process engineering

Funke, Axel, Ziegler, Felix·2010·Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining

Abstract

Abstract Hydrothermal carbonization can be defined as combined dehydration and decarboxy lation of a fuel to raise its carbon content with the aim of achieving a higher calorific value. It is realized by applying elevated temperatures (180–220°C) to biomass in a suspension with water under saturated pressure for several hours. With this conversion process, a lignite‐like, easy to handle fuel with well‐defined properties can be created from biomass residues, even with high moisture content. Thus it may contribute to a wider application of biomass for energetic purposes. Although hydrothermal carbonization has been known for nearly a century, it has received little attention in current biomass conversion research. This review summarizes knowledge about the chemical nature of this process from a process design point of view. Reaction mechanisms of hydrolysis, dehydration, decarboxylation, aromatization, and condensation polymerization are discussed and evaluated to describe important operational parameters qualitatively. The results are used to derive fundamental process design improvements. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Crossref · 10.1002/bbb.198

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Authors
Funke, A., & Ziegler, F.
Affiliations
Technische Universität Berlin (DE)
Corresponding author
Funke, Axel
Venue
Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2010-03
Volume
4
Issue
2
Pages
160-177
ISSN
  • 1932-1031 (ISSN-L)
  • 1932-104X
OpenAlex
W2153500382
Cited by
2,001
References
133
Citations by year
2026: 146 · 2025: 196 · 2024: 182 · 2023: 165 · 2022: 199 · 2021: 209 · 2020: 183 · 2019: 147 · 2018: 122 · 2017: 103 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 85 · 2014: 71 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 45
FWCI
20.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining (publishedVersion)
Funders
Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biofuel production and bioconversion
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Mining and Gasification Technologies
Keywords
hydrothermal carbonization, biomass conversion, reaction mechanism, dehydration, decarboxylation, hydrolysis, aromatization, polycondensation, process design, biomass residues, calorific value

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