The DOI matches its Crossref record; 150 of the 150 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Hydrothermal carbonization of food waste for sustainable biofuel production: Advancements, challenges, and future prospects
Abstract
With the improvement of living standards, food waste (FW) has become one of the most important organic solid wastes worldwide. Owing to the high moisture content of FW, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology that can directly utilize the moisture in FW as the reaction medium, is widely used. Under mild reaction conditions and short treatment cycle, this technology can effectively and stably convert high-moisture FW into environmentally friendly hydrochar fuel. In view of the importance of this topic, this study comprehensively reviews the research progress of HTC of FW for biofuel synthesis, and critically summarizes the process parameters, carbonization mechanism, and clean applications. Physicochemical properties and micromorphological evolution of hydrochar, hydrothermal chemical reactions of each model component, and potential risks of hydrochar as a fuel are highlighted. Furthermore, carbonization mechanism of the HTC treatment process of FW and the granulation mechanism of hydrochar are systematically reviewed. Finally, potential risks and knowledge gaps in the synthesis of hydrochar from FW are presented and new coupling technologies are pointed out, highlighting the challenges and prospects of this study.
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“The hydrochar predominantly comprises aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons61, evident in a broad diffraction peak within the 15–21° range, characteristic of the amorphous carbon diffraction pattern62.”
From Efficient CO2 adsorption by deoiled flaxseed hydrochar (2024) · cites this paper as [61]
Citations
Cites
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A review: Hydrochar as potential adsorbents for wastewater treatment and CO2 adsorption
Jalilian, M., Bissessur, R., Ahmed, M., Hsiao, A. C., He, Q. S., & Hu, Y. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169823 · Cited by 99
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Biomass to biofuel: Impacts and mitigation of environmental, health, and socioeconomic challenges
Chowdhury, P., Mahi, N. A., Yeassin, R., Chowdhury, N.-U.-R., & Farrok, O. (2025) · Energy Conversion and Management X · doi:10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100889 · Cited by 104
Biofuel production for circular bioeconomy: Present scenario and future scope
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Biomass Hydrochar: A Critical Review of Process Chemistry, Synthesis Methodology, and Applications
Ighalo, J. O., Akaeme, F. C., Georgin, J., de Oliveira, J. S., & Franco, D. S. P. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17041660 · Cited by 77
Metadata
- Authors
- Wu, S., Wang, Q., Fang, M., Wu, D., Cui, D., Pan, S., Bai, J., Xu, F., & Wang, Z.
- Affiliations
- Northeast Electric Power University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Qing
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-11
- Volume
- 897
- Pages
- 165327
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4383376047
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 150
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 16
- FWCI
- 3.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program (20200403162SF, 20210203118SF, 20210508052RQ)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Municipal Solid Waste Management
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Catalysts for Methane Reforming
- Keywords
- hydrothermal carbonization, food waste, hydrochar, biofuel production, carbonization mechanism, process parameters
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