Cited by 42Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase SignalingUbiquitin and proteasome pathwaysCancer-related gene regulation

Ras sumoylation in cell signaling and transformation

Dai, Wei, Xie, Suqing, Chen, Changyan, Choi, Byeong Hyeok·2021·Seminars in Cancer Biology

Abstract

Ras proteins are small GTPases that participate in multiple signal cascades, regulating crucial cellular processes including cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Mutations or deregulated activities of Ras are frequently the driving force for oncogenic transformation and tumorigenesis. Posttranslational modifications play a crucial role in mediating the stability, activity, or subcellular localization/trafficking of numerous cellular regulators including Ras proteins. A series of recent studies reveal that Ras proteins are also regulated by sumoylation. All three Ras protein isoforms (HRas, KRas, and NRas) are modified by SUMO3. The conserved lysine42 appears to be the primary site for mediating sumoylation. Expression of KRas V12/R42 mutants compromised the activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling axis, leading to a reduced rate of cell migration and invasion in vitro in multiple cell lines. Moreover, treatment of transformed pancreatic cells with a SUMO E2 inhibitor blocks cell migration in a concentration-dependent manner, which is associated with a reduced level of both KRas sumoylation and expression of mesenchymal cell markers. Furthermore, mouse xenograft experiments reveal that expression of a SUMO-resistant mutant appears to suppress tumor development in vivo. Combined, these studies indicate that sumoylation functions as an important mechanism in mediating the roles of Ras in cell proliferation, differentiation, and malignant transformation and that the SUMO-modification system of Ras oncoproteins can be explored as a new druggable target for various human malignancies.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.033

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Authors
Dai, W., Xie, S., Chen, C., & Choi, B. H.
Affiliations
  • NYU Langone Health (US)
  • Kings County Hospital Center (US)
  • Northeastern University (US)
Corresponding author
Choi, Byeong Hyeok
Venue
Seminars in Cancer Biology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-11
Volume
76
Pages
301-309
ISSN
1044-579X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3147466400
Cited by
27
References
76
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2
FWCI
0.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Seminars in Cancer Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cancer-related gene regulation
Keywords
SUMO3, KRAS, HRAS, NRAS, MAPK/ERK pathway, cell migration, cell invasion, mesenchymal markers, tumor suppression, oncogenic transformation, post-translational modification, druggable targets
MeSH terms
Animals, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Humans, Signal Transduction, ras Proteins, Sumoylation

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