Ras sumoylation in cell signaling and transformation
Abstract
Ras proteins are small GTPases that participate in multiple signal cascades, regulating crucial cellular processes including cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Mutations or deregulated activities of Ras are frequently the driving force for oncogenic transformation and tumorigenesis. Posttranslational modifications play a crucial role in mediating the stability, activity, or subcellular localization/trafficking of numerous cellular regulators including Ras proteins. A series of recent studies reveal that Ras proteins are also regulated by sumoylation. All three Ras protein isoforms (HRas, KRas, and NRas) are modified by SUMO3. The conserved lysine42 appears to be the primary site for mediating sumoylation. Expression of KRas V12/R42 mutants compromised the activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling axis, leading to a reduced rate of cell migration and invasion in vitro in multiple cell lines. Moreover, treatment of transformed pancreatic cells with a SUMO E2 inhibitor blocks cell migration in a concentration-dependent manner, which is associated with a reduced level of both KRas sumoylation and expression of mesenchymal cell markers. Furthermore, mouse xenograft experiments reveal that expression of a SUMO-resistant mutant appears to suppress tumor development in vivo. Combined, these studies indicate that sumoylation functions as an important mechanism in mediating the roles of Ras in cell proliferation, differentiation, and malignant transformation and that the SUMO-modification system of Ras oncoproteins can be explored as a new druggable target for various human malignancies.
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KRAS is modified by SUMO3 in the conserved lysine42.
“KRAS is modified by SUMO3 in the conserved lysine42 reported by recent studies [53].”
From Targeting KRAS mutant cancers: from druggable therapy to drug resistance (2022) · cites this paper as [53]
Sumoylation boosts tumor growth by maintaining KRAS (G12V) expression.
“Furthermore, sumoylation boosts tumor growth by maintaining KRAS (G12V) expression.”
From Targeting KRAS mutant cancers: from druggable therapy to drug resistance (2022) · cites this paper as [53]
The expression of a SUMO-resistant mutant appears to suppress tumor growth in xenograft models.
“Dai et al. revealed that the expression of a SUMO-resistant mutant appears to suppress tumor growth in xenograft models [53].”
From Targeting KRAS mutant cancers: from druggable therapy to drug resistance (2022) · cites this paper as [53]
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- Authors
- Dai, W., Xie, S., Chen, C., & Choi, B. H.
- Affiliations
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- Kings County Hospital Center (US)
- Northeastern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Choi, Byeong Hyeok
- Venue
- Seminars in Cancer Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-11
- Volume
- 76
- Pages
- 301-309
- ISSN
- 1044-579X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3147466400
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 0.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Seminars in Cancer Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cancer-related gene regulation
- Keywords
- SUMO3, KRAS, HRAS, NRAS, MAPK/ERK pathway, cell migration, cell invasion, mesenchymal markers, tumor suppression, oncogenic transformation, post-translational modification, druggable targets
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Humans, Signal Transduction, ras Proteins, Sumoylation
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