CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 30Traumatic Brain Injury ResearchSleep and related disordersTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances

Gender differences in sleep symptoms after repeat concussions

Open access
Oyegbile, Temitayo Oyefunmike, Delasobera, Bronson Elizabeth, Zecavati, Nassim·2017·Sleep Medicine
DOI 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.09.026
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Objectives There are notable gender differences in concussion as well as sleep. Sleep disturbance is a major symptom of post-concussive syndrome. The interplay between sleep disturbance, concussion, and gender has yet to be examined. The objective of this study was to determine whether sleep disturbance plays a role in the known gender differences associated with concussion. Methods Males and females (ages 10-35 years) completed a pre-concussion and post-concussion evaluation. Levels of sleep disturbance were assessed at baseline (N = 1284), after first concussion (N = 432) and after repeated concussions (one or more concussions, N = 296). Sleep disturbance levels were also compared among males and females with headaches, mood changes, and cognitive dysfunction. Analyses included group comparisons and correlations of post-concussive symptoms and cognitive dysfunction, respectively. Data was adjusted for age. Results Compared to males, females reported higher levels of sleep disturbance after a single concussion; however, levels of sleep disturbance equalized after repeated concussions. Females with higher levels of sleep disturbance had more headaches and more mood changes requiring medical treatment, compared to males. In addition, sleep disturbance was more strongly correlated with cognitive dysfunction in females compared to males. Conclusion Gender differences in concussion recovery after repeat concussions may be primarily due to a difference in sleep disturbance between the genders. This difference in sleep appears to moderate the levels of other post-concussive symptoms. This indicates that sleep disturbance should be closely monitored and treated in females after a concussion. Further studies are required to determine the underlying reasons for these gender differences.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.09.026

Cites

43 of 43 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • With regards to sleep after TBI, women often report having worse sleep outcomes after injury than men, and the female sex is considered to be a risk factor when measuring sleep disorders after injury.

    “With regards to sleep after TBI, women often report having worse sleep outcomes after injury than men, and the female sex is considered to be a risk factor when measuring sleep disorders after injury.103–107”

    From Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Orexin/Hypocretin System (2025) · cites this paper as [106]

    The Discussion reports that women had significant self-reported sleep disturbance after a single concussion, whereas men might not report it until after repeated concussions. It also recommends attention to gender when assessing post-concussion symptoms. The study concerns concussion and self-reported sleep disturbance; it does not establish female sex as a risk factor for diagnosed sleep disorders after TBI generally (page unavailable in our copy). (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Oyegbile TO, Zecavati N, Delasobera BE. Sleep disturbance moderates mood, cognitive function and headaches after repeat concussions [under review].
  2. Farace E, Alves W. Do women fare worse? A meta-analysis of gender differ- ences in traumatic brain injury outcomes. J Neurosurg 2000;93:539e45.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Oyegbile, T. O., Delasobera, B. E., & Zecavati, N.
Affiliations
Georgetown University (US)
Corresponding author
Oyegbile, Temitayo Oyefunmike
ORCID
Oyegbile, Temitayo Oyefunmike
Venue
Sleep Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-12
Volume
40
Pages
110-115
ISSN
1389-9457 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.sleep.2017.09.026
OpenAlex
W2762430769
Cited by
30
References
43
Citations by year
2025: 8 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2
FWCI
2.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Georgetown University
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Keywords
concussion, repeated concussions, sleep disorders, gender differences, post-concussion syndrome, cognitive impairment, headache, mood changes, concussion recovery
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Brain Concussion, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, Sleep Wake Disorders, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review