Sex differences in baseline neuropsychological function and concussion symptoms of collegiate athletes
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Objective:To investigate sex differences in baseline neuropsychological function and concussion symptoms between male and female collegiate athletes. Methods:A post-test only design was used to examine baseline neuropsychological test scores and concussion symptoms. A total of 1209 NCAA Division I collegiate athletes from five northeastern universities in the USA completed a baseline ImPACT test. ImPACT, a computerised neuropsychological test battery, was administered during an athlete’s pre-season. Results:Female athletes performed significantly better than male athletes on baseline verbal memory scores (p = 0.001), while male athletes performed significantly better than female athletes on baseline visual memory scores (p = 0.001). Female athletes endorsed a significant number of mild baseline symptoms as compared to male athletes. Conclusions:Male and female athletes exhibit differences on baseline neuropsychological test performance and concussion symptoms.
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Baseline testing on the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test showed that women outperformed men on verbal memory and reaction times.
“For instance, baseline testing on the Immediate PostConcussion Assessment and Cognitive Test showed that women outperformed men on verbal memory and reaction times. 106,107”
From Sex Differences in Traumatic Brain Injury: What We Know and What We Should Know (2019) · cites this paper as [107]
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- Authors
- Covassin, T., Swanik, C. B., Sachs, M., Kendrick, Z., Schatz, P., Zillmer, E., & Kaminaris, C.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- University of Delaware (US)
- Temple University (US)
- Drexel University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Covassin, T
- Venue
- British Journal of Sports Medicine
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2006-09-21
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 923-927
- ISSN
- 0306-3674 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-0480
- PMC
- PMC2465022
- OpenAlex
- W2159993984
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 4.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports injuries and prevention
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Keywords
- sex differences, concussion, collegiate athletes, neuropsychological performance, impact testing, verbal memory, visual memory, mild symptoms, female athletes
- MeSH terms
- Athletic Injuries, Brain Concussion, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Reaction Time, Sex Characteristics, Multivariate Analysis
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