Cognitive effects of one season of head impacts in a cohort of collegiate contact sport athletes
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether exposure to repetitive head impacts over a single season negatively affects cognitive performance in collegiate contact sport athletes. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study at 3 Division I National Collegiate Athletic Association athletic programs. Participants were 214 Division I college varsity football and ice hockey players who wore instrumented helmets that recorded the acceleration-time history of the head following impact, and 45 noncontact sport athletes. All athletes were assessed prior to and shortly after the season with a cognitive screening battery (ImPACT) and a subgroup of athletes also were assessed with 7 measures from a neuropsychological test battery. RESULTS: Few cognitive differences were found between the athlete groups at the preseason or postseason assessments. However, a higher percentage of the contact sport athletes performed more poorly than predicted postseason on a measure of new learning (California Verbal Learning Test) compared to the noncontact athletes (24% vs 3.6%; p < 0.006). On 2 postseason cognitive measures (ImPACT Reaction Time and Trails 4/B), poorer performance was significantly associated with higher scores on several head impact exposure metrics. CONCLUSION: Repetitive head impacts over the course of a single season may negatively impact learning in some collegiate athletes. Further work is needed to assess whether such effects are short term or persistent.
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Clinical and functional impairments in cognition have been correlated with the frequency of impacts to the head in high school and collegiate football players wearing helmet-mounted accelerometers, although not all helmet sensor studies have supported this relationship.
“Clinical and functional impairments in cognition have also been correlated with the frequency of impacts to the head in high school and collegiate football players wearing helmet-mounted accelerometers [16, 121, 180], although not all helmet sensor studies have supported this relationship [81].”
From The neuropathology of sport (2014) · cites this paper as [121]
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- Authors
- McAllister, T. W., Flashman, L. A., Maerlender, A., Greenwald, R. M., Beckwith, J. G., Tosteson, T. D., Crisco, J. J., Brolinson, P. G., Duma, S. M., Duhaime, A.-C., Grove, M. R., & Turco, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth College (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2012-05-29
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 1777-1784
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- PMC
- PMC3359587
- OpenAlex
- W2146250230
- Cited by
- 245
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 16.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE 04-07)
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA023108)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS055020)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD048638)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports injuries and prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
- Keywords
- repetitive head impacts, cognitive performance, collegiate athletes, contact sports, football, ice hockey, head impact exposure, new learning, impact, California Verbal Learning Test, reaction time, neuropsychological assessment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Analysis of Variance, Athletic Injuries, Brain Concussion, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Learning, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Sports, Students, Universities, Cohort Studies, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Young Adult
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