Cited by 336Sleep and related disordersAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychotherapy Techniques and Applications

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Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: A meta-analysis of long-term effects in controlled studies

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van der Zweerde, Tanja, Bisdounis, Lampros, Kyle, Simon D., Lancee, Jaap, van Straten, Annemieke·2019·Sleep Medicine Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.08.002

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Abstract

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a treatment with moderate to large effects. These effects are believed to be sustained long-term, but no systematic meta-analyses of recent evidence exist. In this present meta-analysis, we investigate long-term effects in 30 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CBT-I to non-active control groups. The primary analyses (n = 29 after excluding one study which was an outlier) showed that CBT-I is effective at 3-, 6- and 12-mo compared to non-active controls: Hedges g for Insomnia severity index: 0.64 (3 m), 0.40 (6 m) and 0.25 (12 m); sleep onset latency: 0.38 (3 m), 0.29 (6 m) and 0.40 (12 m); sleep efficiency: 0.51 (3 m), 0.32 (6 m) and 0.35 (12 m). We demonstrate that although effects decline over time, CBT-I produces clinically significant effects that last up to a year after therapy.

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Background
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Authors: van der Zweerde, T., Bisdounis, L., Kyle, S. D., Lancee, J., & van Straten, A.
Affiliations: University of Amsterdam (NL)
University of Oxford (GB)
PsyQ (NL)
ORCID: Bisdounis, Lampros
Kyle, Simon D.
Lancee, Jaap
van Straten, Annemieke
Venue: Sleep Medicine Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-12
Volume: 48
Pages: 101208
ISSN: 1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.08.002
OpenAlex: W2967986432
Cited by: 336
References: 79
Citations by year: 2026: 50 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 2
FWCI: 4.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: National Institute for Health Research
Manchester Biomedical Research Centre
NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Keywords: cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, insomnia, long-term treatment outcomes, treatment durability, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, Insomnia Severity Index
MeSH terms: Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

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Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: A meta-analysis of long-term effects in controlled studies

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