The DOI matches its Crossref record; 81 of the 81 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: A meta-analysis of long-term effects in controlled studies
Open accessAbstract
Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a treatment with moderate to large effects. These effects are believed to be sustained long-term, but no systematic meta-analyses of recent evidence exist. In this present meta-analysis, we investigate long-term effects in 30 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CBT-I to non-active control groups. The primary analyses (n = 29 after excluding one study which was an outlier) showed that CBT-I is effective at 3-, 6- and 12-mo compared to non-active controls: Hedges g for Insomnia severity index: 0.64 (3 m), 0.40 (6 m) and 0.25 (12 m); sleep onset latency: 0.38 (3 m), 0.29 (6 m) and 0.40 (12 m); sleep efficiency: 0.51 (3 m), 0.32 (6 m) and 0.35 (12 m). We demonstrate that although effects decline over time, CBT-I produces clinically significant effects that last up to a year after therapy.
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“Those that did report longer follow-ups generally found smaller effects (although still statistically significant), most likely due to the diminishing effects of interventions on sleep quality over time [91].”
From Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (2021) · cites this paper as [91]
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Scott, A. J., Webb, T. L., Martyn-St James, M., Rowse, G., & Weich, S. (2021) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101556 · Cited by 1,094
The European Insomnia Guideline: An update on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia 2023
Riemann, D., Espie, C. A., Altena, E., Arnardottir, E. S., Baglioni, C., Bassetti, C. L. A., Bastien, C., Berzina, N., Bjorvatn, B., Dikeos, D., et al. (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14035 · Cited by 834
“…on the efficacy of CBT-I in insomnia/ insomnia disorder, without comorbidities, show large effects on the severity of insomnia symptoms (see summary by Edinger et al., 2021), whereby follow-up measurements up to a year later show small to medium effects (van der Zweerde, Bisdounis, et al., 2019).”
BackgroundPerlis, M. L., Posner, D. A., Riemann, D. W., Bastien, C., Teel, J., & Thase, M. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00879-0 · Cited by 428
Insomnia disorder: State of the science and challenges for the future
Riemann, D. W., Benz, F., Dressle, R. J., Espie, C. A., Johann, A. F., Blanken, T. F., Leerssen, J., Wassing, R., Henry, A. L., Kyle, S. D., et al. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13604 · Cited by 397
“Also the gradual wearing off of initial benefits of CBT-I deserves attention (van der Zweerde et al., 2019).”
BackgroundEfficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in breast cancer: A meta-analysis
Ma, Y., Hall, D. L., Ngo, L. H., Liu, Q., Bain, P. A., & Yeh, G. Y. (2021) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101376 · Cited by 151
“As in other studied populations, CBT-I in patients with breast cancer produced moderate to large treatment effects, and clinically significant effects last up to a year after therapy [55].”
Result
Metadata
- Authors
- van der Zweerde, T., Bisdounis, L., Kyle, S. D., Lancee, J., & van Straten, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- PsyQ (NL)
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-12
- Volume
- 48
- Pages
- 101208
- ISSN
- 1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2967986432
- Cited by
- 336
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 4.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health Research
- Manchester Biomedical Research Centre
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, insomnia, long-term treatment outcomes, treatment durability, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, Insomnia Severity Index
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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