The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
‘It's caveman stuff, but that is to a certain extent how guys still operate’: men's accounts of masculinity and help seeking
Abstract
It is often assumed that men are reluctant to seek medical care. However, despite growing interest in masculinity and men's health, few studies have focussed on men's experiences of consultation in relation to their constructions of masculinity. Those that have are largely based on men with diseases of the male body (testicular and prostate cancer) or those which have been stereotyped as male (coronary heart disease). This paper presents discussions and experiences of help seeking and its relation to, and implications for, the practice of masculinity amongst a diversity of men in Scotland, as articulated in focus group discussions. The discussions did indeed suggest a widespread endorsement of a 'hegemonic' view that men 'should' be reluctant to seek help, particularly amongst younger men. However, they also included instances which questioned or went against this apparent reluctance to seek help. These were themselves linked with masculinity: help seeking was more quickly embraced when it was perceived as a means to preserve or restore another, more valued, enactment of masculinity (e.g. working as a fire-fighter, or maintaining sexual performance or function). Few other studies have emphasised how men negotiate deviations from the hegemonic view of help-seeking.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The perception that victims may have about negative reactions from family; friends and professionals may be reinforced by these behaviours.32 33”
From Help-seeking by male victims of domestic violence and abuse (DVA): a systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“O'Brien, Hunt, and Hart (2005) also reported this tendency of non-disclosure of emotion with participants commenting that men are not 'supposed to' talk about their emotions, and that they should be able to cope with problems on their own.”
From A systematic review of the factors associated with delays in medical and psychological help-seeking among men (2015) · cites this paper as O'Brien, Hunt, and Hart (2005)
In the citing paper
“O'Brien, Hunt, and Hart (2005) investigated this barrier in more detail in their focus groups in which men spoke about their attitudes about avoiding seeking help for something that turns out to be 'nothing'.”
From A systematic review of the factors associated with delays in medical and psychological help-seeking among men (2015) · cites this paper as O'Brien, Hunt, and Hart (2005)
In the citing paper
“Younger men in the same study who tried to talk about mental health problems were quickly silenced through mockery.”
From Do depressed and anxious men do groups? What works and what are the barriers to help seeking? (2014) · cites this paper as O'Brien et al. , 2005
In the citing paper
“One study found that some older men who did admit to experiencing depression described feeling isolated and different (O'Brien et al. , 2005).”
From Do depressed and anxious men do groups? What works and what are the barriers to help seeking? (2014) · cites this paper as O'Brien et al. , 2005
Citations
Cites
Focus Groups as Qualitative Research
Morgan, D. (1997) · doi:10.4135/9781412984287 · Cited by 8,863
Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men's well-being: a theory of gender and health
Courtenay, W. H. (2000) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00390-1 · Cited by 4,091
The methodology of Focus Groups: the importance of interaction between research participants
Kitzinger, J. (1994) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.ep11347023 · Cited by 3,870
Focus Groups as Qualitative Research
Kawamura, H., & Morgan, D. L. (1998) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.2307/330238 · Cited by 2,788
Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking
Addis, M. E., & Mahalik, J. R. (2003) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.58.1.5 · Cited by 2,761
Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity
Kimmel, M. S. (1994) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781452243627.n7 · Cited by 1,614
Gender, marital status and the social control of health behavior
Umberson, D. (1992) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(92)90259-s · Cited by 1,357
Focus groups in feminist research
Wilkinson, S. (1998) · Women s Studies International Forum · doi:10.1016/s0277-5395(97)00080-0 · Cited by 1,293
Möller-Leimkühler, A. M. (2002) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(01)00379-2 · Cited by 851 · cited 1×
“This mirrors findings from other research, both in men with particular health problems (e.g. Chapple & Ziebland, 2002; Moller-Leimkuhler, 2002; Petchey, Farnsworth, & Williams, 2000; White, 1999; White & Johnson, 2000), and those without (e.”
ResultThe Social Construction of Gender
Lorber, J. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429494468-36 · Cited by 586
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- 2000, Canadian Family Physician, 46, 1005
- 1998, The Practitioner, 242, 601
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 796
Anapey, G. M., Adu-Marfo, A. O., & Kwapong, O. A. T. F. (2021) · Journal of Black Studies · doi:10.1177/0021934721992262 · Cited by 2
Simmons, J. (2015) · Linköping University medical dissertations · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-114605 · Cited by 2
Krahn, T. M., & Outram, S. M. (2012) · International Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.3149/jmh.1102.107 · Cited by 2
Constructions of Masculinity and Health- Related Behaviours among Young Men in Dakar, Senegal
Mathewson, S. H. (2009) · Cited by 2
Implementing health policy: lessons from the Scottish Well Mens policy initiative
Douglas, F., van Teijlingen, E., Smith, C. W., & Moffat, M. A. (2015) · AIMS Public Health · doi:10.3934/publichealth.2015.4.887 · Cited by 2
'Working our way to health': Final Evaluation Report
Robertson, S., Hacking, S., & Robinson, M. T. (2009) · Leeds Beckett Repository (Leeds Beckett University) · Cited by 2
Should I stay or should I go? The impact of a sense of control on young men's therapeutic engagement
Doherty, M., Conway, J., Clark, J. R., & Merritt, F. (2017) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12126 · Cited by 2
Medical Comfort at the Intersection of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Tuthill, Z. O., & Gorman, B. K. (2019) · Social Currents · doi:10.1177/2329496519852580 · Cited by 2
The perception and impact of emotional trauma upon active duty military personnel
Agius, J., & Grech, P. (2022) · European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1016/j.ejtd.2022.100265 · Cited by 3
Kuhl, D. R., Lutz, K., Wu, E., Arsovska, O., Berkowitz, J., Klimas, J., Sundar, M. R., Goldenberg, S. L., & Higano, C. S. (2023) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-023-07866-5 · Cited by 2
Dumas, A. (2018) · Swiss Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1515/sjs-2018-0013 · Cited by 2
Masculine identity after traumatic brain injury
MacQueen, R. (2016) · UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) · Cited by 2
Gerressu, M. (2016) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 2
Sagar-Ouriaghli, I., Godfrey, E. L., Tailor, V., & Brown, J. S. L. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-678030/v1 · Cited by 2
Psychosocial Hazards and Risks
Larivière, M. A. S., Kerekes, Z., & Valcheff, D. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23069-6_11 · Cited by 3
Hasan, M. K., & Aggleton, P. (2020) · International Journal of Men s Social and Community Health · doi:10.22374/ijmsch.v3i1.25 · Cited by 1
Diferencias de género en la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico en personas con diabetes tipo 2
Mata, C. M., Cano-Estrada, E. A., Hernández-Mariano, J. Á., & Hernández-Espinoza, X. (2025) · XIKUA Boletín Científico de la Escuela Superior de Tlahuelilpan · doi:10.29057/xikua.v13i25.13735 · Cited by 1
Men and type 2 diabetes: how everyday knowledge remains unshared in gendered medical encounters
Hansen, L. S., Bjerregaard, A., Iversen, P. B., & Thualagant, N. (2025) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2025.2495379 · Cited by 1
White, C., Rose, S. S., Dwyer, J. B., Palmer, E. O. C., Yeow, J., Griffiths, K., Chee, B., Oyesanya, M., & Patel, R. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120008 · Cited by 2
Hearne, E., Atkinson, A. M., McVeigh, J., Boardley, I. D., Hope, V. D., & Hout, M. C. V. (2025) · Performance Enhancement & Health · doi:10.1016/j.peh.2025.100382 · Cited by 1
The Effectiveness of Telemedicine in Managing Male Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review
Mirzaiinajmabadi, K., Purbarar, F., Karimian, Z., & Ganji, J. (2025) · Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences · doi:10.5812/jnms-161289 · Cited by 1
Haltom, T. M., & Worthen, M. G. F. (2026) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/15579883261418805 · Cited by 1
Conformity to Masculine Norms and Academic Entitlement: Alexithymia and Empathy as Serial Mediators
Kantar, A., Kök, M., & Bakir, A. (2026) · Gender Issues · doi:10.1007/s12147-026-09406-x · Cited by 2
Akçay, S., Akar, B., & Köse, Ö. (2026) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.70126 · Cited by 1
Fertile ground for social support? Understanding men's use of online infertility support groups
Ryckeghem, L. V., Wallays, A., Oelbrandt, E., & Buffel, V. (2026) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076261430610 · Cited by 1
Stahl, H., Alferink, J., & Kühme, B. (2025) · PPmP. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.1055/a-2842-9225 · Cited by 1
The Role of Masculinity, Masculine Capital, and Spousal Social Control on Men's Health Behaviors
Arnell, M. (2021) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · doi:10.26076/a85f-a756 · Cited by 1
Gender and health: a literature review
Szántó, Z., & Susánszky, É. (2010) · Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika · doi:10.1556/mental.11.2010.4.2 · Cited by 1
Psychosocial Support Programme for Young Men at Risk: Who Participates, Who Drops Out?
Appelqvist‐Schmidlechner, K., HENRIKSSON, M. M., Joukamaa, M. I., Parkkola, K. I., Upanne, M., & Stengrd, E. (2011) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.1080/14623730.2011.9715655 · Cited by 1
Peate, I. (2014) · Independent Nurse · doi:10.12968/indn.2014.11.24 · Cited by 1
Engaging men with long‐term conditions in self‐management support
Galdas, P., & Baker, P. (2015) · Trends in Urology & Men s Health · doi:10.1002/tre.480 · Cited by 1
Swist, T., & Collin, P. J. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95300-7_7 · Cited by 1
Brady, B., Zheng, L., Eramudugolla, R., & Anstey, K. J. (2024) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbae162 · Cited by 1
Steardo, L., Fornaro, M., D’Angelo, M., Stefano, V. D., Monaco, F., Scuderi, C., Steardo, L., & Valenza, M. (2025) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111337 · Cited by 1
‘Fair Game!’: Talk, Jokes and Legitimacy in Men’s Journeys of Hereditary Hair Loss
Hodkinson, P., & Hall, M. (2025) · Men and Masculinities · doi:10.1177/1097184x251384676 · Cited by 1
Wang, M.-J., Yang, H., Yang, C.-C., & Lo, Y.-T. (2014) · JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE · Cited by 1
Discourses of Abuse and Recovery: Talking about Domestic Violence and Its Implications for Therapy
Stam, H. J., Zverina, M., Radtke, H. L., & Babins‐Wagner, R. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137496850_34 · Cited by 1
Visibility, Help-Seeking and Attention-Seeking
Chandler, A. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-40528-9_4 · Cited by 1
Deb, S., & Miller, N. A. (2018) · Journal of Disability Policy Studies · doi:10.1177/1044207318772064 · Cited by 1
Sullivan, L., & Whiteley, C. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04384-1_28 · Cited by 1
Meditation, Yoga, and Men's Health
Postl, C., & Jenkins, L. C. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816665-9.00011-1 · Cited by 1
Adherence to chlamydia and gonorrhea follow up testing in a college population
Marconi, A., Falk-Hanson, E. C., & Gage, J. (2021) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2020.1851232 · Cited by 1
Men’s Mental Health: Time for a Paradigm Shift
Whitley, R. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86320-3_10 · Cited by 1
Nagy, I., Zsido, A. N., & Teleki, S. Á. (2022) · Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika · doi:10.1556/0406.23.2022.005 · Cited by 1
Voluntary male mentors' lived experience of social engagement with men in their community
Henderson, M., Hughes, M., Hurley, J., & Smith, G. P. (2022) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.14067 · Cited by 3
Zeng, Y., Gong, W.-J., Lai, A. Y. K., Sit, S. M.-M., Wang, M. P., Ho, S. Y., & Lam, T. H. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1057164 · Cited by 1
Hegarty, K. L., Hameed, M. A., Addison, M. J., Tassone, S., & Tarzia, L. (2024) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/vv-2022-0159 · Cited by 1
Journeys towards well-being: men, meditation and mental health
Lomas, T. (2012) · WestminsterResearch (University of Westminster) · doi:10.34737/8z41q · Cited by 1
Siu, E. G. (2013) · Enlighten: Theses (The University of Glasgow) · Cited by 1
Côté, K. A. (2015) · Lu Zone Ul (Laurentian University) · Cited by 1
Counseling Men About Their Health
Courtenay, W. H. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781119221593.ch5 · Cited by 1
Mudd, J. E. (2013) · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech) · Cited by 1
Gender differences in usage and user experience of Oiva App
Vehkanen, L. (2015) · Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä) · Cited by 1
Reuck, D., & Jacqualine, C. (2008) · Cited by 1
The Role of Hegemonic Masculinity in Gay Men's Health Disparities
Edwards, A. (2018) · doi:10.15760/honors.595 · Cited by 2
Adolescent opinions on the Asking for Help Program : Assessing participant outcomes
Cometto, J. L. (2008) · Cited by 1
Saini, P., Chopra, J., Hanlon, C., & Boland, J. (2021) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0526.v1
Gorman, B. K., & Solazzo, A. L. (2019) · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199756384-0227 · Cited by 1
Pratt, D., Kirkpatrick, T., Awenat, Y. F., Stevenson, C., Perry, A., Carter, L., Crook, R., Duxbury, P. J., Lennox, C., Knowles, S. E., et al. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06320-y · Cited by 3
Duggal, S. (2014) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
Males’ Expectations of Counseling
Kelly, S. (2014) · ScholarWorks - WMU (Western Michigan University)
Medicalized Masculinities ‐ By Rosenfeld, D. and Faircloth, C.A. (eds)
Robertson, S. (2007) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9566.2007.549_2.x
Life patterning of men with depression
Kaufman, M. (2012) · NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro)
NURSES' TENDING INSTINCT AS A CONDUIT FOR MEN'S ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH COUNSELING
Smith, J. M., & Robertson, S. (2006) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840600600024
Gillespie, Y., George, I. S., & Lemke, D. (2012) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2012.0028
Men's and Women's Abuse Talk in Group Therapy: A Discourse Analysis
Zverina, M. (2014) · Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) · doi:10.11575/prism/26881
Folco, J. (2013) · Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University)
Ogrodniczuk, J. S., & Oliffe, J. L. (2011) · PubMed Central
Kendrick, C. (2012) · Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka (Figshare) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17003278.v1
Pre-Hospital Decision Process and Prognosis in Men and Women with Coronary Heart Disease
Nielsen, S. J. (2015) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Motivational Interviewing and Masculine‐Sensitive Therapy
Scholz, R., & Hall, S. R. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781119221593.ch16
(2009) · International Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.3149/jmh.0802_178
Engaging vulnerable men in community based health promotion
Kirwan, L. (2011) · SETU Waterford Libraries - Open Access Repository
Constructions of masculinity and violence in a popular daily tabloid newspaper.
Matoushaya, F. (2013) · University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Institutional Repository on DSpace (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg)
Troubled masculinity : exploring gender identity and risk-taking following the death of a friend
Creighton, G. (2011) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0064650
Fathers" Resilience in the Face of Advanced Cancer
Lundquist, M. (2013)
The Effects Of Individual-Level Income And Contextual-Level Income Inequality On Health
Simmert, B. (2016) · Human Biology
CONSUMO DE ANTIDEPRESSIVOS ENTRE IDOSOS: EVIDÊNCIAS DO PROJETO BAMBUÍ.
da Saúde, M. (2015)
HOV to the MD? A Multilevel Analysis of Urban Sprawl and the Risk for Negative Health Outcomes
Sweatman (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/2372189
Payne, S., & Doyal, L. (2009) · doi:10.1093/med/9780199218707.003.0084
Gender Differences in FOBT Use: Evidence from a Large
Sieverding, M., Matterne, U., & Ciccarello, L. (2008)
Time To Decide: To Call or Not to Call 911 During Weather Crises
Whitmer, D. E., Sims, V. K., Bailey, S. K. T., & Schroeder, B. L. (2016) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1541931213601271
Masculinities, friendship and support in gay and straight men's close relationships with other men
Robertson, R. C. (2024) · Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) · doi:10.25916/sut.26293330
Dialectics of Gender and Health: The Case of HIV Serodiscordance in Uganda
Wyrod, R. (2016) · Social aspects of HIV · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42725-6_13
Healthcare Utilization as a Source of Health Disparities Among U.S. Male Immigrants
Read, J. G., & Borelli, E. P. (2016) · Applied demography series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43688-3_10
Fisk, G. (2013) · Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey)
Mackowiak, C. (2014) · MOspace Institutional Repository (University of Missouri) · doi:10.32469/10355/44494
Himmelstein, M. S. (2016) · doi:10.7282/t3ff3vj8
Scholz, B. (2015) · Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)
Gross, P. A., Efimoff, I. H., Patrick, L., Josewski, V., Hau, K., Lambert, S., & Smye, V. L. (2016) · Canadian Family Physician
Seeking Understanding: A grounded theory examination of how men with cancer experience help seeking
Wenger, L. M. (2012) · The Atrium (University of Guelph)
Lane, V. (2017) · University Library - University of Saskatchewan (University of Saskatchewan)
Will royal patronage improve perceptions of mental illness?
Glasper, A. (2017) · British Journal of Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjon.2017.26.10.574
Exploring the Distress of Striving for Independence and Autonomy: The 'Lone Wolf'Experience
Bouzianis, P. (2014) · City Research Online (City University London)
Metadata
- Authors
- O’Brien, R., Hunt, K., & Hart, G.
- Affiliations
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hunt, Kate
- Venue
- Social Science & Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-08
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 503-516
- ISSN
- 0277-9536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2035124812
- Cited by
- 797
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 48.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Social Science & Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- ResearchOnline (Glasgow Caledonian University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Male Reproductive Health Studies
- Keywords
- masculinity, help-seeking, men's health, hegemonic masculinity, sexual performance, young men
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Communication, Gender Identity, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Men, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Scotland, Sex Factors, Stereotyping, Health Behavior, Focus Groups, Narration, Qualitative Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review