SOM fractionation methods: Relevance to functional pools and to stabilization mechanisms

von Lützow, Margit; Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid; Ekschmitt, Klemens; Flessa, Heinz; Guggenberger, Georg; Matzner, Egbert; Marschner, Bernd

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.007

Cited by 1,590Soil Carbon and Nitrogen DynamicsSoil erosion and sediment transportSoil and Unsaturated Flow

SOM fractionation methods: Relevance to functional pools and to stabilization mechanisms

von Lützow, Margit, Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid, Ekschmitt, Klemens, Flessa, Heinz, Guggenberger, Georg, Matzner, Egbert, Marschner, Bernd·2007·Soil Biology and Biochemistry

DOI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.007

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Abstract

Soil organic matter (SOM) consists of various functional pools that are stabilized by specific mechanisms and have certain turnover rates. For the development of mechanistic models that predict changes in SOM storage, these pools have to be quantified and characterized. In the past, numerous fractionation schemes have been developed to separate and analyse such SOM fractions. In this review, the SOM fractions obtained with such operational fractionation procedures are described in terms of their pool sizes, chemical properties, and turnover rates. The main objective of this review is to evaluate these operationally defined fractions with respect to their suitability to describe functional SOM pools that could be used to parameterize SOM turnover models. Fractionation procedures include (1) physical separation of SOM into aggregate, particle size, and density fractions and fractions according to their magnetic susceptibility, and (2) various wet chemical procedures that fractionate SOM according to solubility, hydrolysability, and resistance to oxidation or by destruction of the mineral phase. Furthermore, combinations of fractionation methods are evaluated. The active SOM pool with turnover rates <10 years may best be represented by the soil microbial biomass and the light fraction (<1.6-2 g cm-3) obtained by density fractionation (if black carbon contents are considered). Most chemical and physical fractionations as well as combinations of methods yield SOM fractions that are not homogeneous in terms of turnover rates. It has proven to be particularly difficult to isolate functional fractions that represent the passive model pools in which the majority of soil SOM is stabilized. The available fractionation methods do not correspond to specific stabilization mechanisms and hence do not describe functional SOM pools. Another problem is that comprehensive data for turnover rates and data for whole soil profiles are only now becoming available, especially for new fractionation methods. Such information as well as the use of specific markers and compound-specific isotope analysis may be important for future differentiation and evaluation of functional SOM fractions.

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Carbon losses in litter bags may be solely a function of microbial respiration, and other fundamental soil processes affecting turnover such as adsorption to clay and occlusion within the soil matrix were not accounted for.
“C losses may be solely a function of microbial respiration within the litter bag [109], and other fundamental soil processes affecting turnover, such as adsorption to clay and occlusion within the soil matrix [35, 121], were not accounted for.”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [121]
The half-life of >25 years considered for a C pool to be inert, and similar times as a criterion for SOC sequestration, seems rather short.
“The half-life of >25 years considered for a C pool to be ‘inert’ [121], and similar times as a criterion for SOC sequestration [5, 35, 151, 158] seems rather short.”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [121]

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Organic Matter Stabilization in Two Semiarid Tropical Soils: Size, Density, and Magnetic Separations
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Authors: von Lützow, M., Kögel-Knabner, I., Ekschmitt, K., Flessa, H., Guggenberger, G., Matzner, E., & Marschner, B.
Affiliations: Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE)
University of Göttingen (DE)
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (DE)
University of Bayreuth (DE)
Ruhr University Bochum (DE)
ORCID: Guggenberger, Georg
Matzner, Egbert
Marschner, Bernd
Venue: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2007-09
Volume: 39
Issue: 9
Pages: 2183-2207
ISSN: 0038-0717 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.007
OpenAlex: W2163103579
Cited by: 1,590
References: 279
Citations by year: 2026: 92 · 2025: 115 · 2024: 138 · 2023: 135 · 2022: 111 · 2021: 119 · 2020: 102 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 80 · 2017: 96 · 2016: 75 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 78 · 2013: 81 · 2012: 59
FWCI: 60.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Soil Biology and Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
GRO (submittedVersion)
OpenAgrar (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil erosion and sediment transport
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Soil and Unsaturated Flow
Keywords: soil organic matter, density fractionation, magnetic susceptibility, oxidation resistance, light fraction, soil microbial biomass, black carbon, compound-specific isotope analysis

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SOM fractionation methods: Relevance to functional pools and to stabilization mechanisms

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