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Leptin-Receptor-Expressing Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Represent the Main Source of Bone Formed by Adult Bone Marrow
Open accessAbstract
Studies of the identity and physiological function of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been hampered by a lack of markers that permit both prospective identification and fate mapping in vivo. We found that Leptin Receptor (LepR) is a marker that highly enriches bone marrow MSCs. Approximately 0.3% of bone marrow cells were LepR(+), 10% of which were CFU-Fs, accounting for 94% of bone marrow CFU-Fs. LepR(+) cells formed bone, cartilage, and adipocytes in culture and upon transplantation in vivo. LepR(+) cells were Scf-GFP(+), Cxcl12-DsRed(high), and Nestin-GFP(low), markers which also highly enriched CFU-Fs, but negative for Nestin-CreER and NG2-CreER, markers which were unlikely to be found in CFU-Fs. Fate-mapping showed that LepR(+) cells arose postnatally and gave rise to most bone and adipocytes formed in adult bone marrow, including bone regenerated after irradiation or fracture. LepR(+) cells were quiescent, but they proliferated after injury. Therefore, LepR(+) cells are the major source of bone and adipocytes in adult bone marrow.
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“Type H vessels respond to the administration of intermittent anabolic PTH (iPTH), which promotes the detachment of leptin receptor-expressing (LepR+) cells, which are pericytes that can differentiate into osteoprogenitors,134 from CD31hi/Edmhi vessels.”
From Bone remodeling: an operational process ensuring survival and bone mechanical competence (2022) · cites this paper as [134]
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InfluentialMesenchymal lineage cells and their importance in B lymphocyte niches
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BackgroundANGPTL4 binds to the leptin receptor to regulate ectopic bone formation
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“This is consistent with previous reports that multipotent MSCs are quiescent (Mendez-Ferrer et al., 2010; Zhou et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialGli1+ Osteogenic Progenitors Contribute to Condylar Development and Fracture Repair
Chen, S., Lin, L., Lei, J., He, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.819689 · Cited by 18
Disruption of stem cell niche–confined R-spondin 3 expression leads to impaired hematopoiesis
Kurtova, A. V., Heinlein, M., Haas, S. F., Velten, L., Dijkgraaf, G. J. P., Storm, E. E., Kljavin, N. M., Boumahdi, S., Himmels, P., Hérault, A., et al. (2022) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007714 · Cited by 18
“1,39 These stromal cells are also the predominant source of RSPO3 in a publicly available bone marrow scRNA-seq data set 40 that includes LepR + stromal cells, collagen Col2.”
BackgroundAge-associated declining of the regeneration potential of skeletal stem/progenitor cells
Mancinelli, L., & Intini, G. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1087254 · Cited by 20
Complexities of modeling the bone marrow microenvironment to facilitate hematopoietic research
Busch, C., Nyamondo, K., & Wheadon, H. (2024) · Experimental Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104233 · Cited by 18
A latent Axin2+/Scx+ progenitor pool is the central organizer of tendon healing
Grinstein, M., Tsai, S. L., Montoro, D. T., Freedman, B. R., Dingwall, H. L., Villaseñor, S., Zou, K., Sade-Feldman, M., Tanaka, M. J., Mooney, D. J., et al. (2024) · npj Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41536-024-00370-2 · Cited by 21
de Kruijf, E.-J. F. M., Zuijderduijn, R., Stip, M. C., Fibbe, W. E., & van Pel, M. (2018) · Experimental Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2018.05.002 · Cited by 18
Synovium-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and their Promise for Cartilage Regeneration
Zupan, J., Drobnič, M., & Stražar, K. (2019) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/5584_2019_381 · Cited by 18
Zeng, Y. C., Li, B., Li, T., Liu, W., Ran, C., Penson, R. T., Poznansky, M. C., Du, Y., & Chen, H. (2019) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.27065 · Cited by 18
“It should also be good to screen and purify CD90low MSC population, and further detect markers indicated in other research for subpopulation identification, such as CD146 (a marker related to supporting hematopoiesis) [58, 59], LepR (a marker related to enhanced osteogenic differentiation) [60] and CXCR4 (a marker rel…”
BackgroundAdipogenesis in Different Body Depots and Tumor Development
Trivanović, D. I., Vignjević, S., Djordjević, I. O., Кукољ, Т., Bugarski, D. S., & Jauković, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.571648 · Cited by 18
Soto, C. A., Celso, C. L., Purton, L. E., & Frisch, B. J. (2021) · JBMR Plus · doi:10.1002/jbm4.10516 · Cited by 19
Kaastrup, K., & Grønbæk, K. (2021) · HemaSphere · doi:10.1097/hs9.0000000000000615 · Cited by 18
Vascular Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Homeostasis, Regeneration, and Aging
Ramalingam, P., Butler, J. M., & Poulos, M. G. (2021) · Current Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1007/s40778-021-00198-2 · Cited by 18
Stem cells and bone diseases: New tools, new perspective
Riminucci, M., Remoli, C., Robey, P. G., & Bianco, P. (2014) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2014.09.009 · Cited by 18
“However, recent data in the mouse directly support the general key concept that perivascular stromal skeletal stem cells (otherwise known as bone marrow-derived “mesenchymal” stem cells [16]) act both as progenitors for skeletal tissues and as key players of the perivascular HME/niche also in themouse [11,13].”
Extrinsic regulation of hematopoietic stem cells in development, homeostasis and diseases
Lee, Y., Decker, M., Lee, H. J., & Ding, L. (2017) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Developmental Biology · doi:10.1002/wdev.279 · Cited by 20
“As described above, MSCs are a key component of the HSC niche and can differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes within the bone marrow.(86,166) Old bone marrow MSCs are less proliferative, less likely to differentiate into osteoblasts, more likely to differentiate into adipocytes, and more apoptotic…”
BackgroundOverview of Skeletal Development
Kobayashi, T., & Kronenberg, H. M. (2020) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1028-2_1 · Cited by 17
Buchan, H., Gray, M., Hill, A., & Coulter, A. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 18
Qu, Y., Sun, Z., Yuan, Y., Li, Z., Wang, F., Wu, K., Yu, H., Lin, Q., He, F., Chen, J., et al. (2022) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-022-05080-5 · Cited by 17
“As shown in present and other studies [35, 36], intra-BM adipocytes are Y.”
ResultThe emerging studies on mesenchymal progenitors in the long bone
Shen, F., Huang, X., He, G., & Shi, Y. (2023) · Cell & Bioscience · doi:10.1186/s13578-023-01039-x · Cited by 19
Janeczek, A. A., Tare, R. S., Scarpa, E., Moreno-Jiménez, I., Rowland, C. A., Jenner, D. C., Newman, T. A., Oreffo, R. O. C., & Evans, N. D. (2015) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1002/stem.2241 · Cited by 16
Tsunokuma, N., Yamane, T., Matsumoto, C., Tsuneto, M., Isono, K., Imanaka‐Yoshida, K., & Yamazaki, H. (2016) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1502592 · Cited by 17
“LepR-expressing cells that were localized to the perivascular areas comprise ∼0.3% of BM cells and represent the main source of boneforming cells in the adult BM; these LepR+ cells strongly express Scf and Cxcl12 (61).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe known molecules involved in MSC homing and migration
Nazari, H. G. (2018) · Journal of Stem Cell Research and Medicine · doi:10.15761/jscrm.1000127 · Cited by 17
The haematopoietic stem cell niche: a new player in cardiovascular disease?
Al‐Sharea, A., Lee, M. K. S., Purton, L. E., Hawkins, E. D., & Murphy, A. J. (2018) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvy308 · Cited by 18
Zuckerman, P. C., Liu, C., Cai, C., Mahaffey, I., Norman, S. C., Cole, W., & Castillo, A. B. (2019) · JBMR Plus · doi:10.1002/jbm4.10199 · Cited by 17
“Bone marrow contains multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells that have been identified by various overlapping markers including LepR,(25) CXCL12,(26) Sca‐1,(24,27) CD166,(24) PDGFRa,(27) Nestin,(28) NG2,(29) and Gremlin 1.”
BackgroundInfluentialBone regeneration via skeletal cell lineage plasticity: All hands mobilized for emergencies
Matsushita, Y., Ono, W., & Ono, N. (2020) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.202000202 · Cited by 19
“Some studies examining the function of potential skeletal stem cell populations rely on a “constitutively active” version of cre recombinases, such as Prrx1cre[35] andCtsk-cre[16] for the periosteum, and LepR-cre[46] for the bone marrow.”
BackgroundResultLow‐Dose Tamoxifen Induces Significant Bone Formation in Mice
Xie, Z., McGrath, C., Sankaran, J. S., Styner, M., Little, S. E., Dudakovic, A., van Wijnen, A. J., Rubin, J. E., & Sen, B. (2020) · JBMR Plus · doi:10.1002/jbm4.10450 · Cited by 17
Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Assays: In Vitro and In Vivo
Robey, P. G., Kuznetsov, S. A., Bianco, P., & Riminucci, M. (2020) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1028-2_23 · Cited by 17
Provot, S., Schipani, E., Wu, J. Y., & Kronenberg, H. M. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-415853-5.00006-6 · Cited by 18
Borriello, A., Caldarelli, I., Bencivenga, D., Stampone, E., Perrotta, S., Oliva, A., & Ragione, F. D. (2016) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.12649 · Cited by 16
“In addition to the markers listed above, others need to be considered with peculiar attention, namely: nestin (Nes), receptor of leptin (LepR), stem cell factor (SCF), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), neural/ glial antigen 2 (NG2), paired related homeobox 1 protein (Prx1), myxovirus resistance-1 (Mx1), platel…”
BackgroundInfluentialSicco, C. L., Reverberi, D., Villa, F., Pfeffer, U., Quarto, R., Cancedda, R., & Tasso, R. (2018) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-018-1056-1 · Cited by 17
“Narcisi R, Cleary MA, Brama PAJ, Hoogduijn MJ, Tüysüz N, ten Berge D, et al. Long-term expansion, enhanced chondrogenic potential, and suppression of endochondral ossification of adult human MSCs via WNT signaling modulation.”
BackgroundInfluentialObesity and leptin influence vitamin D metabolism and action in human marrow stromal cells
Li, J., Gao, Y., Yu, T., Lange, J. K., LeBoff, M. S., Górska, A., Luu, S., Zhou, S., & Glowacki, J. (2019) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105564 · Cited by 17
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fate and Malignancy
Cho, H. J., Lee, J., Yoon, S. R., Lee, H. G., & Jung, H. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21134780 · Cited by 18
“Perivascular stromal cells play a critical role in the regulation of HSCs and localize near both HSCs and endothelial cells [51].”
BackgroundMeeting report of the 2016 bone marrow adiposity meeting
van der Eerden, B. V. D., & VanWijnen, A. (2017) · Adipocyte · doi:10.1080/21623945.2017.1313374 · Cited by 9
“set of experiments, the majority of CFU-Fs (94%) were found to be traced by expression of the leptin receptor (Lepr) (45).”
BackgroundUnveiling novel insights in acute myeloid leukemia through single-cell RNA sequencing
Zhou, J., & Chng, W. J. (2024) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1365330 · Cited by 22
“LepR + cells are key components of the BM hematopoietic microenvironment, and involved in regulating hematopoiesis, bone formation and remodeling (83, 84).”
BackgroundLim, J. J., Vining, K. H., Mooney, D. J., & Blencowe, B. J. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2404146121 · Cited by 16
“We then independently clustered stromal cells that were identified by the expression of MSC markers, LEPR and CXCL12 (72) ( SI Appendix , Fig.”
Function of hematopoiesis and bone marrow niche in inflammation and non-hematopoietic diseases
Wang, Y., Deng, Z., Li, Y.-Y., Bai, K., Ma, J., Liu, Y., & Chen, Q. (2025) · Life Medicine · doi:10.1093/lifemedi/lnaf015 · Cited by 19
“The importance of CAR cells is evidenced by their ablation, which leads to a reduction in the HSCs population due to robust decrease of CXCL12 and SCF production [25].”
Mohrin, M., Liu, J., Zavala‐Solorio, J., Bhargava, S., Trumble, J. M., Brito, A., Hu, D. Z., Brooks, D. J., Κούκος, Γ., Alabdulaaly, L., et al. (2021) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13313 · Cited by 20
Odontoblast death drives cell-rich zone-derived dental tissue regeneration
Zhao, L., Ito, S., Arai, A., Udagawa, N., Horibe, K., Hara, M., Nishida, D., Hosoya, A., Masuko, R., Okabe, K., et al. (2021) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2021.116010 · Cited by 16
Hematopoietic stem cell regeneration through paracrine regulation of the Wnt5a/Prox1 signaling axis
Lin, Q., Wu, L., Chatla, S., Chowdhury, F. A., Atale, N., Joseph, J., & Du, W. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci155914 · Cited by 16
“The BM also contains a variety of nonhematopoietic components, including endosteal and sinusoidal endothelial cells, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), and osteoblast-lineage cells (1, 2, 4, 5).”
InfluentialJia, Y., Wang, A., Zhao, B., Wang, C., Su, R., Zhang, B., Fan, Z., Zeng, Q., He, L., Pei, X., et al. (2022) · Cell Proliferation · doi:10.1111/cpr.13300 · Cited by 15
Leptin receptor in osteocytes promotes cortical bone consolidation in female mice
Wee, N. K. Y., de Lima, T. F. C., McGregor, N. E., Walker, E. C., Poulton, I. J., Blank, M., & Sims, N. A. (2022) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-22-0084 · Cited by 15
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Chen, H., Xiao, H., Wu, B., Shi, X., Guan, C., Hu, J., Zhang, T., & Lü, H. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2024.09.012 · Cited by 16
“For example, CD146 + MSC [29] and LepR + MSC [30] have stronger osteogenic differentiation potential, and CD271 + MSC exhibit stronger chondrogenic ability than common MSCs [31].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhou, B. O., Yue, R., Murphy, M. M., Peyer, J. G., & Morrison, S. J.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Morrison, Sean J.
- Venue
- Cell Stem Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-08
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 154-168
- ISSN
- 1875-9777 (ISSN-L)
- 1934-5909
- PMC
- PMC4127103
- OpenAlex
- W2078719918
- Cited by
- 1,381
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 84 · 2025: 92 · 2024: 133 · 2023: 153 · 2022: 148 · 2021: 147 · 2020: 153 · 2019: 114 · 2018: 99 · 2017: 87 · 2016: 89 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 12
- FWCI
- 42.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell stem cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL097760, R01HL097760)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Keywords
- mesenchymal stem cells, leptin receptor, bone marrow, bone formation, adipogenesis, chondrogenesis, CFU-F, fate mapping, cell markers, fracture healing, quiescent cells, stem cell proliferation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bone and Bones, Bone Marrow, Bone Marrow Cells, Flow Cytometry, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Osteoblasts, Osteogenesis, Regeneration, Stem Cells, Tamoxifen, Adipocytes, Transgenes, Chondrocytes, Leptin, Cell Proliferation, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Mice, Receptors, Leptin, Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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