The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Phototoxicity of nano titanium dioxides in HaCaT keratinocytes—Generation of reactive oxygen species and cell damage
Open accessAbstract
Nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) is among the top five widely used nanomaterials for various applications. In this study, we determine the phototoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) with different molecular sizes and crystal forms (anatase and rutile) in human skin keratinocytes under UVA irradiation. Our results show that all nano-TiO2 particles caused phototoxicity, as determined by the MTS assay and by cell membrane damage measured by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, both of which were UVA dose- and nano-TiO2 dose- dependent. The smaller the particle size of nano-TiO2 the higher the cell damage. The rutile form of nano-TiO2 showed less phototoxicity than anatase nano-TiO2. The level of photocytotoxicity and cell membrane damage is mainly dependent on the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Using polyunsaturated lipids in plasma membranes and human serum albumin as model targets, and employing electron spin resonance (ESR) oximetry and immuno-spin trapping as unique probing methods, we demonstrated that UVA irradiation of nano-TiO2 can induce significant cell damage, mediated by lipid and protein peroxidation. These overall results suggest that nano-TiO2 is phototoxic to human skin keratinocytes, and that this phototoxicity is mediated by ROS generated during UVA irradiation.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Normal keratinization in a spontaneously immortalized aneuploid human keratinocyte cell line.
Boukamp, P., Petrussevska, R. T., Breitkreutz, D., Hornung, J., Markham, A., & Fusenig, N. E. (1988) · The Journal of cell biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.106.3.761 · Cited by 4,170
Explaining the Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Degussa P25 Mixed-Phase TiO 2 Using EPR
Hurum, D. C., Agrios, A. G., Gray, K. A., Rajh, T., & Thurnauer, M. C. (2003) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp0273934 · Cited by 2,015
Tanaka, M., Yamamoto, Y., Misawa, E., Nabeshima, K., Saito, M., Yamauchi, K., Abe, F., & Furukawa, F. (2016) · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1159/000454718 · Cited by 1,092
Cited by
He, W., Kim, H.-K., Wamer, W. G., Melka, D., Callahan, J. H., & Yin, J.-J. (2014) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja410800y · Cited by 850
Self-citationTitanium Dioxide Nanoparticles – Prospects and Applications in Medicine
Ziental, D., Czarczynska-Goslinska, B., Mlynarczyk, D. T., Glowacka-Sobotta, A., Stanisz, B., Goslinski, T., & Sobotta, L. (2020) · doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0271.v1 · Cited by 721
Toxicity and mechanisms of action of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in living organisms
Hou, J., Wang, L., Wang, C., Zhang, S., Liu, H., Li, S., & Wang, X. (2019) · Journal of Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jes.2018.06.010 · Cited by 369
Titanium Dioxide in the Service of the Biomedical Revolution
Rajh, T., Dimitrijevic, N. M., Bissonnette, M., Koritarov, T., & Konda, V. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr500029g · Cited by 293
Jansen, R., Osterwalder, U., Wang, S. Q., Burnett, M., & Lim, H. W. (2013) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2013.08.022 · Cited by 224
Metadata
- Authors
- Yin, J.-J., Liu, J., Ehrenshaft, M., Roberts, J. E., Fu, P. P., Mason, R. P., & Zhao, B.
- Venue
- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 263
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 81-88
- ISSN
- 0041-008X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1990550498
- Cited by
- 251
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 5.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Phototoxicity of nano titanium dioxides in HaCaT keratinocytes—Generation of reactive oxygen species and cell damage. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.taap.2012.06.001
- The paper
- Yin, J.-J., Liu, J., Ehrenshaft, M., Roberts, J. E., Fu, P. P., Mason, R. P., & Zhao, B. (2012). Phototoxicity of nano titanium dioxides in HaCaT keratinocytes—Generation of reactive oxygen species and cell damage. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2012.06.001
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.