The DOI matches its Crossref record; 152 of the 152 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The asbestos-carbon nanotube analogy: An update
Open accessAbstract
Nanotechnology is an emerging industry based on commercialization of materials with one or more dimensions of 100 nm or less. Engineered nanomaterials are currently incorporated into thin films, porous materials, liquid suspensions, or filler/matrix nanocomposites with future applications predicted in energy and catalysis, microelectronics, environmental sensing and remediation, and nanomedicine. Carbon nanotubes are one-dimensional fibrous nanomaterials that physically resemble asbestos fibers. Toxicologic studies in rodents demonstrated that some types of carbon nanotubes can induce mesothelioma, and the World Health Organization evaluated long, rigid multiwall carbon nanotubes as possibly carcinogenic for humans in 2014. This review summarizes key physicochemical similarities and differences between asbestos fibers and carbon nanotubes. The "fiber pathogenicity paradigm" has been extended to include carbon nanotubes as well as other high-aspect-ratio fibrous nanomaterials including metallic nanowires. This paradigm identifies width, length, and biopersistence of high-aspect-ratio fibrous nanomaterials as critical determinants of lung disease, including mesothelioma, following inhalation. Based on recent theoretical modeling studies, a fourth factor, mechanical bending stiffness, will be considered as predictive of potential carcinogenicity. Novel three-dimensional lung tissue platforms provide an opportunity for in vitro screening of a wide range of high aspect ratio fibrous nanomaterials for potential lung toxicity prior to commercialization.
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“It states that the excessive length and rigidity of a chemically inert fibre has the potential to induce carcinogenicity, provided that the fibre is respirable and biodurable.”
From Macrophages bend long fibres with flexural rigidity lower than 3 mN·nm2 to avoid frustrated phagocytosis (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
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“The rigidity hypothesis posits that phagocytosis of long fibres that significantly exceed the dimensions of macrophages can fail if their flexural rigidity”
From Macrophages bend long fibres with flexural rigidity lower than 3 mN·nm2 to avoid frustrated phagocytosis (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kane, A. B., Hurt, R. H., & Gao, H.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kane, Agnes B.
- Venue
- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-12
- Volume
- 361
- Pages
- 68-80
- ISSN
- 0041-008X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6298811
- OpenAlex
- W2811240367
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 152
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 9.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P42 ES013660)
- National Science Foundation (CBET-1344097)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Occupational and environmental lung diseases
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
- Keywords
- carbon nanotubes, asbestos fibers, mesothelioma, biopersistence, pulmonary toxicity, metallic nanowires, inhalation exposure
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Asbestos, Carcinogens, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Lung Diseases, Occupational Exposure, Nanotechnology, Nanotubes, Carbon, Nanostructures
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