Cited by 342Teacher Education and Leadership StudiesEvaluation of Teaching PracticesEducation and Teacher Training

Effects of professional development on the quality of teaching: Results from a randomised controlled trial of Quality Teaching Rounds

Open access
Gore, Jennifer, Lloyd, Adam, Smith, Maxwell, Bowe, Julie, Ellis, Hywel, Lubans, David·2017·Teaching and Teacher Education

Abstract

Robust evidence of the effectiveness of professional development for teachers is limited. This study tested a pedagogy-based, collaborative PD approach for impact on the quality of teaching. A cluster randomised controlled trial involving eight teachers at each of 24 schools found significant positive effects on teaching quality (d = 0.4), independent of school type (primary/secondary), school location (urban/rural), and years of teaching experience. These effects were sustained six months later. Qualitative data are used to illustrate mechanisms underpinning the success of the intervention. This study illuminates how to support teacher learning for measurable positive impacts on teaching quality and teacher morale.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.tate.2017.08.007

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The PD programme is essential for teachers to develop knowledge and skills that differ significantly from those in more traditional classrooms, and helps teachers develop a dialogic reading stance.

    “The PD programme is essential for teachers to develop knowledge and skills that differ significantly from those in more traditional classrooms (Gore et al. 2017), and helps teachers develop a dialogic reading stance (Barak and Lefstein 2022).”

    From The Impact of a Dialogic Intervention on a Chinese Rural Teacher and Students' Stances Towards Texts (2025) · cites this paper as Gore et al. 2017

    Only the first clause is attributed to Gore et al.; the dialogic-reading claim cites Barak and Lefstein. Gore et al. report improved teaching quality after Quality Teaching Rounds (§3.1.1) and describe a framework that structures teachers’ knowledge of teaching (§3.4.1). They do not establish that the PD programme is essential or that the knowledge and skills teachers develop differ significantly from those used in traditional classrooms. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 68

  1. Aelterman, N., Vansteenkiste, M., Van Keer, H., De Meyer, J., Van den Berghe, L., & Haerens, L. (2013). Development and evaluation of a training on need- supportive teaching in physical education: Qualitative and quantitative find- ings. Teaching and Teacher Education, 29, 64e75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.tate.2012.09.001. · DOI
  2. Akalin, S., & Sucuoglu, B. (2015). Effects of classroom management intervention based on teacher training and performance feedback on outcomes of teacher- student dyads in inclusive classrooms. Educational Sciences: Theory and Prac- tice, 15(3), 739e758.
  3. Antoniou, P., Kyriakides, L., & Creemers, B. (2011). Investigating the effectiveness of a dynamic integrated approach to teacher professional development. Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal, 1(1), 12e41.
  4. Armour, K., & Yelling, M. (2007). Effective professional development for physical education teachers: The role of informal, collaborative learning. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 26, 177e200.
  5. Assmann, S. F., Pocock, S. J., Enos, L. E., & Kasten, L. E. (2000). Subgroup analysis and other (mis)uses of baseline data in clinical trials. Lancet, 355(9209), 1064e1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02039-0. · DOI · Paper page
  6. Ball, S. (2003). The teacher's soul and the terrors of performativity. Journal of Ed- ucation Policy, 18(2), 215e228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02680930220000 43065. · DOI · Paper page
  7. Black, S. (2002). Stretching students' minds. American School Board Journal, 188(6), 31e33.
  8. Bowe, J. M. (2016). Quality Teaching Rounds: Strengthening the knowledge base and collaborative processes for teacher professional development (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Newcastle, Australia: University of Newcastle.
  9. Bowe, J. M., & Gore, J. M. (2017). Reassembling teacher professional development: The case for Quality Teaching Rounds. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Prac- tice, 23(3), 352e366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2016.1206522. · DOI
  10. Bowles, T., Hattie, J., Dinham, S., Scull, J., & Clinton, J. (2014). Proposing a compre- hensive model for identifying teaching candidates. The Australian Educational Researcher, 41(4), 365e380.
  11. Bruce, C., & Ross, J. A. (2008). A model for increasing reform implementation and teacher efficacy: Teacher peer coaching in grades 3 and 6 Mathematics. Cana- dian Journal of Education, 31(2), 346e370.
  12. Bryk, A. S., & Schneider, B. (2003). Trust in schools: A core resource for school re- form. Educational Leadership, 60(6), 40e45.
  13. Connolly, P. (2009). The challenges and prospects for educational effectiveness research. Effective Education, 1(1), 1e12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 19415530903105570. · DOI
  14. Cotabish, A., Dailey, D., Hughes, G. D., & Robinson, A. (2011). The effects of a STEM professional development intervention on elementary teachers' science process skills. Research in the Schools, 18(2), 16e25. Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation. (CAEP). (2015). CAEP evidence guide. Washington, DC: Author.
  15. Coe, R. (2002). "It's the effect size, stupid": What effect size is and why it is important. Paper presented at the annual conference of the British Educational Research Association, Exeter, United Kingdom. Retrieved from http://www. leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/00002182.htm.
  16. Cuban, L. (2013). Inside the black box of classroom practice: Change without reform in American education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.
  17. Cunningham, A. E., Etter, K., Platas, L., Wheeler, S., & Campbell, K. (2015). Profes- sional development in emergent literacy: A design experiment of teacher study groups. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 31, 62e77.
  18. Danielson, C. (2007). Enhancing professional practice: A framework for teaching (2nd ed.). Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
  19. Darling-Hammond, L. (2000). Teacher quality and student achievement. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 8(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v8n1.2000. · DOI
  20. Darling-Hammond, L. (2013). Getting teacher evaluation right: What really matters for effectiveness and improvement. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
  21. Darling-Hammond, L., & McLaughlin, M. W. (1995). Policies that support profes- sional development in an era of reform. Phi Delta Kappan, 76(8), 597e604.
  22. De Roos, S. A., Van de Heijden, M. H. R. M. A., & Gorter, R. J. (2010). Professional development schools and early childhood education: Interactive skills of stu- dents, playgroup and kindergarten teachers. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 18(1), 15e28.
  23. Desimone, L. M. (2009). Improving impact studies of teachers' professional devel- opment: Toward better conceptualizations and measures. Educational Researcher, 38(3), 181e199.
  24. Desimone, L. M., Porter, A. C., Garet, M. S., Suk Yoon, K., & Birman, B. F. (2002). Effects of professional development on teachers' instruction: Results from a three-year longitudinal study. American Educational Research Association, 24(2), 81e112.
  25. Elmore, R. F. (2007). Professional networks and school improvement. School Administrator, 64(4), 20e25.
  26. Furtak, E. M., Kiemer, K., Circi, R. K., Swanson, R., de Le on, V., Morrison, D., et al. (2016). Teachers' formative assessment abilities and their relationship to stu- dent learning: Findings from a four-year intervention study. Instructional Sci- ence, 44(3), 267e291.
  27. Garet, M. S., Porter, A. C., Desimone, L., Birman, B. F., & Yoon, K. S. (2001). What makes professional development effective? Results from a national sample of teachers. American Educational Research Journal, 38(4), 915e945. http:// dx.doi.org/10.3102/00028312038004915. · DOI · Paper page
  28. Goldhaber, D. (2015). Exploring the potential of value-added performance measures to affect the quality of the teacher workforce. Educational Researcher, 44(2), 87e95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x15574905. · DOI
  29. Gore, J. M. (2001). Beyond our differences: A reassembling of what matters in teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education, 52(2), 124e135.
  30. Gore, J. M. (2007). Improving pedagogy: Challenges of moving teachers toward higher levels of Quality Teaching. In J. Butcher, & J. Asher (Eds.), Making a dif- ference: Challenges for teachers, teaching and teacher education (pp. 15e33). New York, NY: Sense.
  31. Gore, J. M. (2014). Towards quality and equity: The case for Quality Teaching Rounds. In Proceedings of the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) Research Conference, "Quality and equity: What does research tell us?" (pp. 86e91). Melbourne, Australia: ACER.
  32. Gore, J. M., & Bowe, J. M. (2015). Interrupting attrition? Re-shaping the transition from preservice to inservice teaching through Quality Teaching Rounds. Inter- national Journal of Educational Research, 73, 77e88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijer.2015.05.006. · DOI
  33. Gore, J., Barron, R. J., Holmes, K., & Smith, M. (2016). Who says we are not attracting the best and brightest? Teacher selection and the aspirations of Australian school students. The Australian Educational Researcher, 43, 527e549. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13384-016-0221-8. · DOI
  34. Gore, J. M., Smith, M., Bowe, J., Ellis, H., Lloyd, A., & Lubans, D. (2015). Quality Teaching Rounds as a professional development intervention for enhancing the quality of teaching: Rationale and study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Educational Research, 74, 82e95. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2015.08.002. · DOI
  35. Grissom, J. A., & Youngs, P. (Eds.). (2015). Improving teacher evaluation systems: Making the most of multiple measures. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
  36. Guskey, T. R. (2002). Professional development and teacher change. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 8(3), 381e391.
  37. Guskey, T. R., & Yoon, K. S. (2009). What works in professional development? Phi Delta Kappan, 90(7), 495e500.
  38. Hallgren, K. A. (2012). Computing inter-rater reliability for observational data: An overview and tutorial. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 8(1), 23e34.
  39. Hanushek, E. A., & Rivkin, S. G. (2010). Generalizations about using value-added measures of teacher quality. American Economic Review, 100, 267e271.
  40. Harris, D. N., & Sass, T. R. (2011). Teacher training, teacher quality and student achievement. Journal of Public Economics, 95, 798e812.
  41. Hart, P. M., Wearing, A. J., Conn, M., Carter, N. L., & Dingle, R. K. (2000). Development of the school organisational health questionnaire: A measure for assessing teacher morale and school organisational climate. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70(2), 211e228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000709900158065. · DOI
  42. Hattie, J. (2008). Visible learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to achievement. Hoboken, NJ: Taylor & Francis.
  43. Hill, H. C., Beisiegel, M., & Jacob, R. (2013). Professional development research: Consensus, crossroads, and challenges. Educational Researcher, 42(9), 476e487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189X13512674. · DOI
  44. Ingvarson, L., Meiers, M., & Beavis, A. (2005). Factors affecting the impact of pro- fessional development programs on teachers' knowledge, practice, student outcomes and efficacy. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 13(10), 1e28.
  45. Kennedy, A. (2005). Models of continuing professional development: A framework for analysis. Journal of In-service Education, 31(2), 235e250.
  46. Kennedy, A. (2014). Understanding continuing professional development: The need for theory to impact on policy and practice. Professional Development in Edu- cation, 40(5), 688e697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2014.955122. · DOI · Paper page
  47. Kennedy, M. M. (2016). How does professional development improve teaching? Review of Educational Research, 86(4), 945e980.
  48. Korthagen, F. (2016). Inconvenient truths about teacher learning: Towards professional development 3.0. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2016.1211523. · DOI · Paper page
  49. Ladwig, J. G. (2010). Beyond academic outcomes. Review of Research in Education, 34, 113e141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0091732X09353062. · DOI
  50. Lampert, M. (2010). Learning teaching in, from, and for practice: What do we mean? Journal of Teacher Education, 61(1e2), 21e34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 0022487109347321. · DOI
  51. Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  52. Lewis, C., Perry, R., & Murata, A. (2006). How should research contribute to instructional improvement? The case of lesson study. Educational Researcher, 35(3), 3e14.
  53. Louis, K. S., & Marks, H. M. (1998). Does professional community affect the class- room? Teachers' work and student experiences in restructuring schools. American Journal of Education, 106(4), 532e575. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/ 1085627. · DOI
  54. Louis, K. S., Marks, H. M., & Kruse, S. (1996). Teachers' professional community in restructuring schools. American Educational Research Journal, 33(4), 757e798.
  55. Metzler, M. W. (2014). Teacher effectiveness research in physical education: The future isn't what it used to be. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 85, 14e19.
  56. Moher, D., Hopewell, S., Schulz, K. F., Montori, V., Gøtzsche, P. C., Devereaux, P. J., et al. (2010). CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. British Medical Journal, 340, c869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c869. · DOI · Paper page
  57. Newmann, F. M., Marks, H. M., & Gamoran, A. (1996). Authentic pedagogy and student performance. American Journal of Education, 104, 280e312.
  58. Penuel, W. R., Fishman, B. J., Cheng, B. H., & Sabelli, N. (2011). Organizing research and development at the intersection of learning, implementation, and design. Educational Researcher, 40(7), 331e337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x 11421826. · DOI
  59. Rockoff, J. E. (2004). The impact of individual teachers on student achievement: Evidence from panel data. American Economic Review, 94(2), 247e252. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1257/0002828041302244. · DOI · Paper page
  60. Rowe, K. (2003). The importance of teacher quality as a key determinant of stu- dents' experiences and outcomes of schooling. In Proceedings of the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) Research Conference, "Building teacher quality: What does the research tell us?" (pp. 15e23). Melbourne, Australia: ACER.
  61. Stevenson, M., Stevenson, C., & Cooner, D. (2015). Improving teacher quality for Colorado Science teachers in high need schools. Journal of Education and Prac- tice, 6(3), 42e50.
  62. Supovitz, J. A., & Turner, H. M. (2000). The effects of professional development on science teaching practices and classroom culture. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 37(9), 963e980.
  63. Timperley, H., & Alton-Lee, A. (2008). Reframing teacher professional learning: An alternative policy approach to strengthening valued outcomes for diverse learners. Review of Research in Education, 32, 328e369. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3102/0091732X07308968. · DOI
  64. Ullah, T., & Jundran, S. (2014). Impact of district teacher educators' mentoring support on professional development of primary school teachers. The Journal of Educational Research, 17(1), 112e130.
  65. Van Whittaker, J., Kinzie, M. B., Williford, A., & DeCoster, J. (2016). Effects of MyTeachingPartner-Math/Science on teacher-child interactions in prekinder- garten classrooms. Early Education and Development, 27(1), 110e127.
  66. Van de Pol, J., Volman, M., Oort, F., & Beishuizen, J. (2014). Teacher scaffolding in small-group work: An intervention study. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 23(4), 600e650.
  67. Vescio, V., Ross, D., & Adams, A. (2008). A review of research on the impact of professional learning communities on teaching practice and student learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24(1), 80e91.
  68. Zeichner, K. (2012). The turn once again toward practice-based teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education, 63(5), 376e382.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Gore, J., Lloyd, A., Smith, M., Bowe, J., Ellis, H., & Lubans, D.
Affiliations
University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
Corresponding author
Gore, Jennifer
Venue
Teaching and Teacher Education
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-11
Volume
68
Pages
99-113
ISSN
0742-051X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2750813743
Cited by
342
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 34 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1
FWCI
71.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Teaching and Teacher Education (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
NSW Department of Education
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Education › Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
  • Social Sciences › Education › Evaluation of Teaching Practices
  • Social Sciences › Education › Education and Teacher Training
Keywords
teacher professional development, teaching quality, collaborative professional development, teacher morale, intervention sustainability, school type, rural and urban schools

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review