Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 598

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Lipid Rafts: Controversies Resolved, Mysteries Remain

Open access
Levental, Ilya, Levental, Kandice R., Heberle, Frederick A.·2020·Trends in Cell Biology

Abstract

The lipid raft hypothesis postulates that lipid-lipid interactions can laterally organize biological membranes into domains of distinct structures, lipid/protein compositions, and functions. This proposal has in equal measure exhilarated and frustrated membrane research for decades. While the physicochemical principles underlying lipid-driven domains has been explored and is well understood, the existence and relevance of such domains in cells remains elusive, despite decades of research. Here, we review the conceptual underpinnings of the raft hypothesis and critically discuss the supporting and contradicting evidence in cells, focusing on why controversies about the composition, properties, and even the very existence of lipid rafts remain unresolved. Finally, we highlight several recent breakthroughs that may resolve existing controversies and suggest general approaches for moving beyond questions of rafts existence and towards understanding of their physiological significance.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.01.009

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

  • Functional rafts in cell membranes

    Simons, K., & Ikonen, E. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/42408 · Cited by 9,757 · cited 1×

    “The introduction of the raft concept [1] launched a new field and recruited to membrane biology a generation of physical chemists, cell biologists, biophysicists, optical engineers, and computational scientists [2], all to explore the seemingly trivial notion that living membranes are not laterally homogeneous.”
    Background

Show all 1 references

Cited by

See all 598

Metadata

Authors
Levental, I., Levental, K. R., & Heberle, F. A.
Venue
Trends in Cell Biology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020-05
Volume
30
Issue
5
Pages
341-353
ISSN
0962-8924 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3006868374
Cited by
598
References
1
FWCI
6.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Lipid Rafts: Controversies Resolved, Mysteries Remain. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.tcb.2020.01.009
The paper
Levental, I., Levental, K. R., & Heberle, F. A. (2020). Lipid Rafts: Controversies Resolved, Mysteries Remain. Trends in Cell Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2020.01.009

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.