Depression pandemic and cardiovascular risk in the COVID-19 era and long COVID syndrome: Gender makes a difference
Open accessAbstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic highlighted a significant interplay between cardiovascular disease (CVD), COVID-19 related inflammatory status, and depression. Cardiovascular (CV) injury is responsible for a substantial percentage of COVID-19 deaths while COVID-19 social restrictions emerged as a non-negligible risk factor for CVD as well as a variety of mental health issues, and in particular, depression. Inflammation seems to be a shared condition between these two disorders. Gender represents a potential modifying factor both in CVD and depression, as well as in COVID-19 short- and long-term outcomes, particularly in cases involving long-term COVID complications. Results from emerging studies indicate that COVID-19 pandemic affected male and female populations in different ways. Women seem to experience less severe short-term complications but suffer worse long-term COVID complications, including depression, reduced physical activity, and deteriorating lifestyle habits, all of which may impact CV risk. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge about the interplay between COVID-19, depression, and CV risk in women.
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The COVID-19 pandemic is causing long-term economic and social scarring.
“The extended period of economic disruption is creating long-term economic and social scarring, including long-lasting difficulties for children whose schooling has been repeatedly disrupted; new debt crises among low-income countries that are facing sustained output and revenue losses amid the tightening of global financial conditions, and in some cases facing years of reduced numbers of tourists;”
From The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic (2022) · cites this paper as [472]
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1 retracted
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The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic
Sachs, J. D., Karim, S. S. A., Aknin, L., Allen, J., Brosbøl, K., Colombo, F., Barron, G. C., Espinosa, M. F., Gaspar, V., Gaviria, A., et al. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01585-9 · Cited by 842 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bucciarelli, V., Nasi, M., Bianco, F., Seferovic, J., Ivkovic, V., Gallina, S., & Mattioli, A. V.
- Affiliations
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche (IT)
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (IT)
- University of Chieti-Pescara (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Bucciarelli, Valentina
- Venue
- Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 12-17
- ISSN
- 1050-1738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8490128
- OpenAlex
- W3203753167
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 4.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Università Politecnica delle Marche (Università Politecnica delle Marche) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, depression, cardiovascular risk, long COVID, gender differences, inflammation, women's health, physical activity, lifestyle habits, social restrictions, cardiovascular disease
- MeSH terms
- Heart Disease Risk Factors, COVID-19, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, Cardiovascular Diseases, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Pandemics
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