Mapping Workforce Reskilling Urgency in the Age of AI: Occupational and Geographic Patterns across the United States

The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation?

Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2017) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019 · Cited by 8,727 · see citing works

The Skill Content of Recent Technological Change: An Empirical Exploration

Autor, D. H., Levy, F., & Murnane, R. J. (2003) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355303322552801 · Cited by 6,205 · see citing works

Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation

Autor, D. H. (2015) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.29.3.3 · Cited by 3,917 · see citing works

The growth of low-skill service jobs and the polarization of the US labor market

Autor, D. H., & Dorn, D. (2013) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.103.5.1553 · Cited by 3,824 · see citing works

Skills, Tasks and Technologies: Implications for Employment and Earnings

Acemoglu, D., & Autor, D. (2011) · Handbook of Labor Economics · doi:10.1016/s0169-7218(11)02410-5 · Cited by 3,799 · see citing works

Explaining Job Polarization: Routine-Biased Technological Change and Offshoring

Goos, M., Manning, A., & Salomons, A. (2014) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.104.8.2509 · Cited by 2,111 · see citing works

What can machine learning do? Workforce implications

Brynjolfsson, E., & Mitchell, T. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aap8062 · Cited by 1,131 · see citing works

Generative AI at Work

Brynjolfsson, E., Li, D., & Raymond, L. (2025) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qjae044 · Cited by 1,083 · see citing works

Automation, skills use and training

Nedelkoska, L., & Quintini, G. (2018) · OECD social employment and migration working papers · doi:10.1787/2e2f4eea-en · Cited by 990 · see citing works

Artificial Intelligence, Automation and Work

Acemoglu, D., & Restrepo, P. (2018) · doi:10.3386/w24196 · Cited by 962 · see citing works

The Risk of Automation for Jobs in OECD Countries

Arntz, M., Gregory, T., & Zierahn, U. (2016) · OECD social employment and migration working papers · doi:10.1787/5jlz9h56dvq7-en · Cited by 881 · see citing works

GPTs are GPTs: Labor market impact potential of LLMs

Eloundou, T., Manning, S., Mishkin, P., & Rock, D. (2024) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adj0998 · Cited by 836 · see citing works

Analysis of regression in game theory approach

Lipovetsky, S., & Conklin, M. (2001) · Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry · doi:10.1002/asmb.446 · Cited by 677 · see citing works

OCCUPATIONAL SPECIFICITY OF HUMAN CAPITAL*

Kambourov, G., & Manovskii, I. (2009) · International Economic Review · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2354.2008.00524.x · Cited by 666 · see citing works

How General Is Human Capital? A Task‐Based Approach

Gathmann, C., & Schönberg, U. (2010) · Journal of Labor Economics · doi:10.1086/649786 · Cited by 658 · see citing works

Estimators of Relative Importance in Linear Regression Based on Variance Decomposition

Grömping, U. (2007) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1198/000313007x188252 · Cited by 641 · see citing works

Occupational, industry, and geographic exposure to artificial intelligence: A novel dataset and its potential uses

Felten, E., Raj, M., & Seamans, R. (2021) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.3286 · Cited by 574 · see citing works

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Workers' Skills: Upskilling and Reskilling in Organisations

Morandini, S., Fraboni, F., De Angelis, M., Puzzo, G., Giusino, D., & Pietrantoni, L. (2023) · Informing Science: The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline · doi:10.28945/5078 · Cited by 439 · see citing works

Educational Systems and the Trade-Off between Labor Market Allocation and Equality of Educational Opportunity

Bol, T., & van de Werfhorst, H. G. (2013) · Comparative Education Review · doi:10.1086/669122 · Cited by 355 · see citing works

The Complexity of Job Mobility among Young Men

Neal, D. A. (1999) · Journal of Labor Economics · doi:10.1086/209919 · Cited by 291 · see citing works

AI and Jobs: the role of demand

Bessen, J. (2018) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w24235 · Cited by 280 · see citing works

Towards an Evolutionary Perspective on Regional Resilience

Boschma, R. A. (2014) · Regional Studies · doi:10.1080/00343404.2014.959481 · Cited by 233 · see citing works

How will Language Modelers like ChatGPT Affect Occupations and Industries?Preprint

Felten, E. W., Raj, M., & Seamans, R. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4375268 · Cited by 228 · see citing works

The short-term effects of generative artificial intelligence on employment: Evidence from an online labor market

Hui, X., Reshef, O., & Zhou, L. (2024) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2023.18441 · Cited by 200 · see citing works

The Evolution of Work in the United States

Atalay, E., Phongthiengtham, P., Sotelo, S., & Tannenbaum, D. I. (2020) · American Economic Journal Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.20190070 · Cited by 172 · see citing works

Occupational Heterogeneity in Exposure to Generative AI

Felten, E. W., Raj, M., & Seamans, R. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4414065 · Cited by 113 · see citing works

AI-induced job impact: Complementary or substitution? Empirical insights and sustainable technology considerations

Wang, K., & Lu, W. (2024) · Sustainable Technology and Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1016/j.stae.2024.100085 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

Artificial intelligence's creation and displacement of labor demand

Choi, T., & Leigh, N. G. (2024) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123824 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

Occupational mobility and automation: a data-driven network model

del Rio-Chanona, R. M., Mealy, P., Beguerisse-Díaz, M., Lafond, F., & Farmer, J. D. (2021) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2020.0898 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

The emergence of artificial intelligence in European regions: the role of a local ICT base

Xiao, J., & Boschma, R. A. (2022) · The Annals of Regional Science · doi:10.1007/s00168-022-01181-3 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

Impacts of generative artificial intelligence on the future of labor market: a systematic review

Salari, N., Beiromvand, M., Hosseinian-Far, A., Habibi, J., Babajani, F., & Mohammadi, M. (2025) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2025.100652 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Diverging paths: AI exposure and employment across European regions

Guarascio, D., Reljic, J., & Stöllinger, R. (2024) · Structural Change and Economic Dynamics · doi:10.1016/j.strueco.2024.12.010 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

Lie algebras associated to fiber-type arrangements

(2003) · International Mathematics Research Notices · doi:10.1155/s1073792803208102 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

A review of global reskilling and upskilling initiatives in the age of AI

Ersanlı, C. Y., Çelık, F., Barjesteh, H., Duran, V., & Manoochehrzadeh, M. (2025) · AI and Ethics · doi:10.1007/s43681-025-00767-9 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Augmenting or Automating Labor? The Effect of AI Development on New Work, Employment, and WagesPreprint

Marguerit, D. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5169611 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

AI and the economic divide: How Artificial Intelligence could widen the divide in the U.S.

Septiandri, A. A., Constantinides, M., & Quercia, D. (2025) · EPJ Data Science · doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00547-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

The Impact of AI Implementation on Job Transformation and Competency Requirements: Prioritising Reskilling and Soft Skills Development

Vnoučková, L., Hajerová-Mullerová, L., Kronberger, Z., Říhová, G., Stříteský, M., Hořáková, M., Legnerová, K., Palíšková, M., Němec, O., Šmíd, D., et al. (2025) · Quality Innovation Prosperity · doi:10.12776/qip.v29i2.2165 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

The diffusion of digital skills across EU regions: structural drivers and polarisation dynamics

Caravella, S., Cirillo, V., Crespi, F., et al. (2023) · Regional Studies, Regional Science · doi:10.1080/21681376.2023.2265498