Stressful Events as Teaching Signals for the Brain

Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science

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Uncertainty and stress: Why it causes diseases and how it is mastered by the brain

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Neural computations underlying arbitration between model-based and model-free learning

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Stress and emotional memory: a matter of timing

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Computations of uncertainty mediate acute stress responses in humans

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Stress and decision making: effects on valuation, learning, and risk-taking

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Dissociable effects of surprising rewards on learning and memory.

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Stress increases aversive prediction error signal in the ventral striatum

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Stress attenuates the flexible updating of aversive value

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Stress-induced plasticity and functioning of ventral tegmental dopamine neurons

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What Is Stress? A Systems Perspective

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Chronic stress-induced depression requires the recruitment of peripheral Th17 cells into the brain

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The human insula processes both modality-independent and pain-selective learning signals

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Beyond arousal: Prediction error related to aversive events promotes episodic memory formation.

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Memory Under Stress: From Adaptation to Disorder

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Expectancy Violation Drives Memory Boost for Stressful Events

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The elusive effects of incidental anxiety on reinforcement-learning.

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Benefitting or suffering from a paradoxical leader? A self-regulation perspective

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The effect of stress and exercise on the learning performance of horses

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Post-retrieval stress impairs subsequent memory depending on hippocampal memory trace reinstatement during reactivation

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Social experience in adolescence shapes prefrontal cortex structure and function in adulthood

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Habit Formation and the Effect of Repeated Stress Exposures on Cognitive Flexibility Learning in Horses

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Resilience and robustness: from sub-organismal responses to communities

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Acute stress amplifies experienced and anticipated regret in counterfactual decision-making

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The modulation of expectation violation on attention: Evidence from the spatial cueing effects

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A computational model for learning from repeated traumatic experiences under uncertainty

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A computational model for learning from repeated traumaPreprint

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Evidence Against Novelty-Gated Encoding in Serial Recall

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应激条件下的双重学习系统

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An Integrative Conceptualization of Metacognitive Constructs: Implications Toward Stress and ResiliencePreprint

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Pain-related learning signals in the human insulaPreprint

Horing, B., & Büchel, C. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.01.16.476547

Memory and Stress

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Additional file 1 of Chronic stress-induced depression requires the recruitment of peripheral Th17 cells into the brain

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Stress, memory, and the predictive brain – 2026 Dirk Hellhammer Award

Schwabe, L. (2026) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107975

Stress, memory, and the predictive brain – 2026 Dirk Hellhammer Award

Schwabe, L. (2026) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107975

The neural signature of prediction error dependent stress effects on the memory for surrounding eventsPreprint

Lilja, A., & Schwabe, L. (2024) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)

Expectancy Violation Drives Memory Boost for Stressful Events

Kalbe, F., Bange, S., Lutz, A., & Schwabe, L. (2020) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797620958650 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Stress enhances memory for previously encoded events depending on stressor recallPreprint

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The influence of surprising stimuli on event memory

Congleton, A. R., & Berntsen, D. (2019)