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Cited by 228Genomics and Chromatin DynamicsChromatin Remodeling and CancerEpigenetics and DNA Methylation

Regulatory Enhancer–Core-Promoter Communication via Transcription Factors and Cofactors

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Zabidi, Muhammad A., Stark, Alexander·2016·Trends in Genetics
DOI 10.1016/j.tig.2016.10.003PMC PMC6795546
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Abstract

Gene expression is regulated by genomic enhancers that recruit transcription factors and cofactors to activate transcription from target core promoters. Over the past years, thousands of enhancers and core promoters in animal genomes have been annotated, and we have learned much about the domain structure in which regulatory genomes are organized in animals. Enhancer-core-promoter targeting occurs at several levels, including regulatory domains, DNA accessibility, and sequence-encoded core-promoter specificities that are likely mediated by different regulatory proteins. We review here current knowledge about enhancer-core-promoter targeting, regulatory communication between enhancers and core promoters, and the protein factors involved. We conclude with an outlook on open questions that we find particularly interesting and that will likely lead to additional insights in the upcoming years.

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  • A key function of sequence-specific transcription factors is the recruitment of workhorse cofactors that facilitate enzymatic chromatin remodelling, histone modification and act as scaffolds for recruitment of additional factors.

    “Mechanistically, a key function of sequence-specific TFs is the recruitment of “workhorse” cofactors that facilitate enzymatic chromatin remodelling, histone modification and act as scaffolds for recruitment of additional factors.”

    From Transcriptional enhancers and their communication with gene promoters (2021) · cites this paper as [56]

    The section on differential activity of trans factors (page unavailable) says sequence-specific TFs recruit cofactors, including the SWI/SNF complex and p300, and identifies Mof as an acetyltransferase. The section on activating micro-environments describes cofactor activity leading to recruitment of BRD4, but does not establish the claimed scaffold role for recruiting additional factors. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • This specificity seems to be determined by the sets of transcription factors that bind to enhancers and different types of promoters.

    “This specificity seems to be determined by the sets of transcription factors that bind to enhancers and different types of promoters [134].”

    From Enhancer Function in the 3D Genome (2023) · cites this paper as [134]

  • There are also enhancers that preferentially activate housekeeping gene promoters.

    “There are also enhancers that preferentially activate housekeeping gene promoters. This specificity seems to be determined by the sets of transcription factors that bind to enhancers and different types of promoters [134].”

    From Enhancer Function in the 3D Genome (2023) · cites this paper as [134]

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Authors
Zabidi, M. A., & Stark, A.
Affiliations
Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (AT)
Corresponding author
Stark, Alexander
ORCID
Stark, Alexander
Venue
Trends in Genetics
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-12
Volume
32
Issue
12
Pages
801-814
ISSN
0168-9525 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.tig.2016.10.003
PMC
PMC6795546
OpenAlex
W2548430945
Cited by
228
References
23
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 11
FWCI
1.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Trends in Genetics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Keywords
transcription factors, transcriptional cofactors, enhancers, core promoter, regulatory domain, DNA accessibility, gene expression regulation
MeSH terms
Animals, DNA, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Transcription Factors, Transcription, Genetic

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