The DOI matches its Crossref record; 100 of the 101 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Orexins and fear: implications for the treatment of anxiety disorders
Abstract
An understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms involved in the regulation of fear is essential for the development of new treatments for anxiety disorders, such as phobias, panic, and post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD). Orexins, also known as hypocretins, are neuropeptides located exclusively in hypothalamic neurons that have extensive projections throughout the central nervous system. Although this system was initially believed to be primarily involved in the regulation of feeding behavior, recent studies have shown that orexins also modulate neural circuits implicated in the expression and extinction of fear memories. Here, we discuss recent findings involving orexins in anxiety disorders and current clinical trials using orexin ligands that could be applied to identify new therapies for diseases characterized by pathological fear.
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In the citing paper
“The orexin receptor 1 and/or orexin receptor 2 receptor are expressed in several brain areas that are engaged during anxiety and fear processing including the hippocampus, amygdala and mPFC (Flores, Saravia, Maldonado, & Berrendero, 2015;Marcus et al., 2001).”
From Novel pharmacological targets in drug development for the treatment of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Flores, Saravia, Maldonado, & Berrendero, 2015
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, activation of the orexin system has been shown to be involved in the expression and consolidation of fear while it counteracts fear extinction (Flores et al., 2015).”
From Novel pharmacological targets in drug development for the treatment of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Flores et al., 2015
Citations
Cites
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Neurons containing hypocretin (orexin) project to multiple neuronal systems
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Narcolepsy in orexin Knockout Mice
Chemelli, R. M., Willie, J. T., Sinton, C. M., Elmquist, J. K., Scammell, T., Lee, C., Richardson, J. A., Williams, S. C., Xiong, Y., Kisanuki, Y., et al. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81973-x · Cited by 3,095
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Items 101–102 of 102
Social fear memory as a framework for understanding social defeat stress and psychopathology
Iturra-Mena, A. M., Chang, S., Bel-Gaete, V., Silva, J. R., & Dagnino‐Subiabre, A. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106860
Bodke, S., Shelke, P., & Bhatt, L. K. (2026) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/j.npep.2026.102665
Metadata
- Authors
- Flores, Á., Saravia, R., Maldonado, R., & Berrendero, F.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (ES)
- Venue
- Trends in Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 550-559
- ISSN
- 0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1696117693
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 0.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- orexin, fear regulation, anxiety disorders, fear extinction, phobia, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, hypothalamus
- MeSH terms
- Orexins, Animals, Anxiety Disorders, Brain, Fear, Humans
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