Nitroxyl (HNO): the Cinderella of the nitric oxide story
Abstract
Until recently, most of the biological effects of nitric oxide (NO) have been attributed to its uncharged state (NO*), yet NO can also exist in the reduced state as nitroxyl (HNO or NO(-)). Putatively generated from both NO synthase (NOS)-dependent and -independent sources, HNO is rapidly emerging as a novel entity with distinct pharmacology and therapeutic advantages over its redox sibling, NO*. Thus, unlike NO*, HNO can target cardiac sarcoplasmic ryanodine receptors to increase myocardial contractility, can interact directly with thiols and is resistant to both scavenging by superoxide (*O2-) and tolerance development. HNO donors are protective in the setting of heart failure in which NO donors have minimal impact. Here, we discuss the unique pharmacology of HNO versus NO* and highlight the therapeutic potential of HNO donors in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Kemp-Harper et al. suggested that HNO mediates dilation through activation of Kca and Kv channels in vascular smooth muscle.
“Kemp-Harper et al. have suggested that HNO is a mediator of dilation through activation of Kca and Kv channels in vascular smooth muscle [196, 197].”
From Signaling and stress: The redox landscape in NOS2 biology (2015) · cites this paper as [196]
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- Authors
- Irvine, J. C., Ritchie, R. H., Favaloro, J. L., Andrews, K. L., Widdop, R. E., & Kemp-Harper, B. K.
- Affiliations
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (AU)
- RMIT University (AU)
- Monash University (AU)
- Venue
- Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 601-608
- ISSN
- 0165-6147 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2043286086
- Cited by
- 277
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 2.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Hemoglobin structure and function
- Keywords
- nitroxyl, nitric oxide, nitric oxide donors, nitric oxide synthase, cardiac contractility, superoxide radical scavenging, heart failure, cardiovascular disease treatment
- MeSH terms
- Alcoholism, Animals, Antioxidants, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Nitric Oxide, Nitrogen Oxides, Nitric Oxide Donors
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