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Cited by 44Ion channel regulation and functionNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study

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Advances in Targeting GIRK Channels in Disease

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Zhao, Yulin, Gameiro-Ros, Isabel, Glaaser, Ian W., Slesinger, Paul A.·2021·Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
DOI 10.1016/j.tips.2020.12.002PMC PMC7990506
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Abstract

G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels are essential regulators of cell excitability in the brain. While they are implicated in a variety of neurological diseases in both human and animal model studies, their therapeutic potential has been largely untapped. Here, we review recent advances in the development of small molecule compounds that specifically modulate GIRK channels and compare them with first-generation compounds that exhibit off-target activity. We describe the method of discovery of these small molecule modulators, their chemical features, and their effects in vivo. These studies provide a promising outlook on the future development of subunit-specific GIRK modulators to regulate neuronal excitability in a brain region-specific manner.

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  • GIRK modulators can quiet hyperactive cortical-limbic ensembles while preserving information throughput, an effect profile that differs from global CNS suppressants.

    “By converting inhibitory GPCR signals into stabilizing potassium currents, GIRK modulators can quiet hyperactive cortical–limbic ensembles while preserving information throughput, an effect profile that differs from global central nervous system (CNS) suppressants [305,323].”

    From Synaptic Plasticity—Intrinsic Excitability and Antidepressant Discovery (2026) · cites this paper as [323]

    The ML297-related GIRK Modulators section reports that GAT1508 increased currents in basolateral amygdala neurons and facilitated fear extinction without affecting cognitive or motor functions; the GiGA1 section reports reduced excitability in hippocampal neurons. These findings support parts of the proposed effect profile, but the paper does not establish preserved information throughput across cortical–limbic ensembles or compare GIRK modulators with global CNS suppressants. It also reports sedation at high doses of GiGA1. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Metadata

Authors
Zhao, Y., Gameiro-Ros, I., Glaaser, I. W., & Slesinger, P. A.
Affiliations
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Corresponding author
Slesinger, Paul A.
ORCID
Venue
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-03
Volume
42
Issue
3
Pages
203-215
ISSN
0165-6147 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.tips.2020.12.002
PMC
PMC7990506
OpenAlex
W3123022377
Cited by
44
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3
FWCI
0.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion channel regulation and function
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
Keywords
GIRK channels, G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels, small molecule modulators, neuronal excitability, off-target effects, drug discovery, neurological disorders
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Humans, Neurons, GTP-Binding Proteins, G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels

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