Gene expression profiling of A549 cells exposed to Milan PM2.5
Abstract
Background Particulate matter (PM) has been associated to adverse health effects in exposed population and DNA damage has been extensively reported in in vitro systems exposed to fine PM (PM2.5). The ability to induce gene expression profile modulation, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and strand breaks to DNA molecules has been investigated in A549 cells exposed to winter and summer Milan PM2.5.Results A549 cells, exposed to 10 μg/cm(2) of both winter and summer PM2.5, showed increased cytotoxicity at 24h and a significant increase of ROS at 3h of treatment. Despite these similar effects winter PM induced a higher number of gene modulation in comparison with summer PM. Both PMs modulated genes related to the response to xenobiotic stimuli (CYP1A1, CYP1B1, TIPARP, ALDH1A3, AHRR) and to the cell-cell signalling (GREM1) pathways with winter PM2.5 inducing higher fold increases. Moreover the winter fraction modulated also JUN (cell-cell signalling), GDF15, SIPA1L2 (signal transduction), and HMOX1 (oxidative stress). Two genes, epiregulin (EREG) and FOS-like antigen1 (FOSL1), were significantly up-regulated by summer PM2.5. The results obtained with the microarray approach have been confirmed by qPCR and by the analysis of CYP1B1 expression. Comet assay evidenced that winter PM2.5 induced more DNA strand breaks than the summer one.Conclusion Winter PM2.5 is able to induce gene expression alteration, ROS production and DNA damage. These effects are likely to be related to the CYP enzyme activation in response to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adsorbed on particle surface.
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Oxidative stress is a common mechanism of PM2.5-induced damage.
“Accumulated evidence indicates that oxidative stress is a common mechanism of PM2.5-induced damage (Gualtieri et al. 2012; Kouassi et al. 2010).”
From Particulate matter 2.5 damages skin cells by inducing oxidative stress, subcellular organelle dysfunction, and apoptosis (2018) · cites this paper as Gualtieri et al. 2012
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- Authors
- Gualtieri, M., Longhin, E., Mattioli, M., Mantecca, P., Tinaglia, V., Mangano, E., Proverbio, M. C., Bestetti, G., Camatini, M., & Battaglia, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Milano-Bicocca (IT)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Gualtieri, Maurizio
- ORCID
- Venue
- Toxicology Letters
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 209
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 136-145
- ISSN
- 0378-4274 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2144112254
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 5.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Toxicology Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Fondazione Cariplo
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Keywords
- PM2.5, particulate matter, A549 cells, gene expression profiling, reactive oxygen species, DNA strand breaks, cytotoxicity, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, oxidative stress, epiregulin, FOSL1, air pollution health effects
- MeSH terms
- Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases, Cell Line, Cell Survival, DNA Damage, Environmental Exposure, Epithelial Cells, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Italy, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, RNA, Seasons, Urban Population, Blotting, Western, Gene Expression, Reactive Oxygen Species, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Comet Assay, Gene Expression Profiling, Particulate Matter, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1
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