Serine in plants: biosynthesis, metabolism, and functions

Ros, Roc; Muñoz-Bertomeu, Jesús; Krueger, Stephan

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2014.06.003

Cited by 284Plant nutrient uptake and metabolismNitrogen and Sulfur Effects on BrassicaPhotosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms

Serine in plants: biosynthesis, metabolism, and functions

Ros, Roc, Muñoz-Bertomeu, Jesús, Krueger, Stephan·2014·Trends in Plant Science

DOI 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.06.003

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Abstract

Serine (Ser) has a fundamental role in metabolism and signaling in living organisms. In plants, the existence of different pathways of Ser biosynthesis has complicated our understanding of this amino acid homeostasis. The photorespiratory glycolate pathway has been considered to be of major importance, whereas the nonphotorespiratory phosphorylated pathway has been relatively neglected. Recent advances indicate that the phosphorylated pathway has an important function in plant metabolism and development. Plants deficient in this pathway display developmental defects in embryos, male gametophytes, and roots. We propose that the phosphorylated pathway is more important than was initially thought because it is the only Ser source for specific cell types involved in developmental events. Here, we discuss its importance as a link between metabolism and development in plants.

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Banana peel is a cheap source of starch, crude lipids, proteins, dietary fibers and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid, pectin, minerals and essential amino acids.
“Banana peel is a cheap source of starch, crude lipids, proteins, dietary fibers and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid, pectin, minerals and essential amino acids (Table 1).”
From Functional, nutritional and medicinal potential of banana peel (2023) · cites this paper as [31]

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The phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis links plant growth with nitrogen metabolism
Zimmermann, S. E., Benstein, R. M., Flores‐Tornero, M., Blau, S., Anoman, A. D., Rosa‐Téllez, S., Gerlich, S. C., Salem, M. A., Alseekh, S., Kopřiva, S., et al. (2021) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1093/plphys/kiab167 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citation
Single and combined toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics and arsenic on submerged plant Myriophyllum verticillatum L.
Li, J., Liu, W., Lian, Y., Shi, R., Wang, Q., & Zeb, A. (2022) · Plant Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.008 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Metabolic dynamics and physiological adaptation of Panax ginseng during development
Kim, Y., Joo, S. C., Shi, J., Hu, C., Quan, S., Hu, J., Sukweenadhi, J., Mohanan, P., Yang, D., & Zhang, D. (2017) · Plant Cell Reports · doi:10.1007/s00299-017-2236-7 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“Consistent with the high accumulation of Ser in Y6L and Y6R, betaine, an osmoprotectant associated with drought/ salt response in plants (Ros et al. 2014), was the highest accumulated metabolite in Y4L (tenfold) and Y6L (27-fold) as compared with that in Y1L (Tables 1; S3, S5).”
Novel regulatory mechanism of serine biosynthesis associated with 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis thaliana
Okamura, E., & Hirai, M. Y. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03807-5 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Arabidopsis thaliana ggt1 photorespiratory mutants maintain leaf carbon/nitrogen balance by reducing RuBis CO content and plant growth
Dellero, Y., Lamothe‐Sibold, M., Jossier, M., et al. (2015) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1111/tpj.12945 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Transcriptomic insight into nitrogen uptake and metabolism of Populus simonii in response to drought and low nitrogen stresses
Zhang, C., Meng, S., Li, M., et al. (2018) · Tree Physiology · doi:10.1093/treephys/tpy085 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Decreased glycolate oxidase activity leads to altered carbon allocation and leaf senescence after a transfer from high CO2to ambient air inArabidopsis thaliana
Dellero, Y., Jossier, M., Glab, N., et al. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erw054 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The Complementary Roles of Chloroplast Cyclic Electron Transport and Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase to Ensure Photosynthetic Performance
Chadee, A., Alber, N. A., Dahal, K., & Vanlerberghe, G. C. (2021) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.748204 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Physiological, Metabolic, and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Responses of Arabidopsis Seedlings to Carbon Nanohorns
Sun, L., Wang, R., Ju, Q., et al. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b07133 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Headgroup biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in seed plants
Nakamura, Y. (2021) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101091 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Coffee seedlings growth under varied NO3−:NH4+ ratio: Consequences for nitrogen metabolism, amino acids profile, and regulation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase
Carr, N. F., Boaretto, R. M., & Mattos, D. (2020) · Plant Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.042 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Current Insights into the Redox Regulation Network in Plant Chloroplasts
Yoshida, K., & Hisabori, T. (2023) · Plant and Cell Physiology · doi:10.1093/pcp/pcad049 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“PGDH catalyzes the first committed step of Ser biosynthesis in chloroplasts (Ros et al. 2014).”
Background
Plastidial glycolytic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is an important determinant in the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of heterotrophic cells in Arabidopsis
Anoman, A. D., Muñoz‐Bertomeu, J., Rosa‐Téllez, S., et al. (2015) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.15.00696 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citation
Plant Glyoxylate/Succinic Semialdehyde Reductases: Comparative Biochemical Properties, Function during Chilling Stress, and Subcellular Localization
Zarei, A., Brikis, C. J., Bajwa, V., Chiu, G. Z., Simpson, J. P., DeEll, J. R., Bozzo, G. G., & Shelp, B. J. (2017) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.01399 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“…processes: the peroxisome during the photorespiratory or non-photorespiratory synthesis of serine (Bauwe et al., 2010; Hoover et al., 2013; Ros et al., 2014); the glyoxysome during fatty acid catabolism (Kunze et al., 2006); the cytosol during the interconversion of organic acids…”
BackgroundMethod
Position‐specific carbon isotope analysis of serine by gas chromatography/Orbitrap mass spectrometry, and an application to plant metabolism
Wilkes, E. B., Sessions, A. L., Zeichner, S. S., et al. (2022) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.9347 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Carbon allocation to major metabolites in illuminated leaves is not just proportional to photosynthesis when gaseous conditions (CO 2 and O 2 ) vary
Abadie, C., Bathellier, C., & Tcherkez, G. G. B. (2018) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.14984 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Phosphoserine Aminotransferase1 Is Part of the Phosphorylated Pathways for Serine Biosynthesis and Essential for Light and Sugar-Dependent Growth Promotion
Wulfert, S., & Krueger, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01712 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citation
Metabolite profiling identified pipecolic acid as an important component of peanut seed resistance against Aspergillus flavus infection
Sharma, S., Choudhary, B., Yadav, S., et al. (2020) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124155 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Metabolite Profiles of Sugarcane Culm Reveal the Relationship Among Metabolism and Axillary Bud Outgrowth in Genetically Related Sugarcane Commercial Cultivars
Ferreira, D. A., Martins, M. C. M., Cheavegatti-Gianotto, A., Carneiro, M. S., Amadeu, R. R., Aricetti, J. A., Wolf, L. D., Hoffmann, H. P., de Abreu, L. G. F., & Caldana, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.00857 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
A Metabolic Choreography of Maize Plants Treated with a Humic Substance-Based Biostimulant under Normal and Starved Conditions
Othibeng, K., Nephali, L. P., Ramabulana, A., Steenkamp, P. A., Petras, D., Kang, K. B., Opperman, H., Huyser, J. J., & Tugizimana, F. (2021) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo11060403 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“in signalling mechanisms, as one of the three amino acids that are phosphorylated by kinases [29].”
Background
Plastidial metabolite transporters integrate photorespiration with carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur metabolism
Eisenhut, M., Hocken, N., & Weber, A. P. M. (2014) · Cell Calcium · doi:10.1016/j.ceca.2014.10.007 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Amino Acid Catabolism During Nitrogen Limitation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Pan, Y., Hu, F., Chen, Y., Li, C., Huang, T., & Hu, H. (2020) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.589026 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“, serine, proline, and leucine) have been shown to act as signaling molecules in plants (Szabados and Savouré, 2010; Häusler et al., 2014; Ros et al., 2014).”
Background
The importance of SERINE DECARBOXYLASE 1 ( SDC 1) and ethanolamine biosynthesis during embryogenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana
Yunus, I. S., Liu, Y., & Nakamura, Y. (2016) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1111/tpj.13278 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Rethinking the evolution of eukaryotic metabolism: novel cellular partitioning of enzymes in stramenopiles links serine biosynthesis to glycolysis in mitochondria
Abrahamian, M., Kagda, M. S., Ah‐Fong, A. M. V., & Judelson, H. S. (2017) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/s12862-017-1087-8 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“In non-stramenopiles, these are cytosolic [18, 19].”
Mineral nutrition, yield, and source–sink relationships
Kirkby, E. A., Nikolić, M., White, P. J., & Xu, G. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819773-8.00015-0 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Comprehensive insight into an amino acid metabolic network in postharvest horticultural products: a review
Zhang, Y., Guo, Y., & Xinhua, S. (2023) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.12638 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Photorespiration: regulation and new insights on the potential role of persulfidation
Aroca, Á., García-Díaz, I., García‐Calderón, M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erad291 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Nevertheless, it is important to note that serine can be synthesized by photorespiratory and non-photorespiratory pathways (Ros et al. , 2014).”
Background
Biochemical Basis for Redox Regulation of Chloroplast-Localized Phosphofructokinase from Arabidopsis thaliana
Yoshida, K., & Hisabori, T. (2020) · Plant and Cell Physiology · doi:10.1093/pcp/pcaa174 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Changes in Metabolic Profiles of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) as a Result of Repeated Short-Term Soil Drought and Subsequent Re-Watering
Lahuta, L. B., Szablińska‐Piernik, J., & Horbowicz, M. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23031704 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“The increase in serine (Figure 5F), on the other hand, appears to be related to increased photorespiration [68,69].”
Background
Endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria DX120E inoculation altered the carbon and nitrogen metabolism in sugarcane
Qin, Y., Xie, X.-Q., Khan, Q., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1000033 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Root exudates in controlled environment agriculture: composition, function, and future directions
Camli-Saunders, D., & Villouta, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2025.1567707 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“It helps in signaling against environmental and abiotic stressors and threats (Ros et al., 2014).”
Identification of the light-independent phosphoserine pathway as an additional source of serine in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Klemke, F., Baier, A., Knoop, H., Kern, R., Jablonský, J., Beyer, G., Volkmer, T., Steuer, R., Lockau, W., & Hagemann, M. (2015) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/mic.0.000055 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“In plants, animals and heterotrophic bacteria, serine is synthesized via the so-called phosphorylated or phosphoserine pathway, with phosphoserine as a key intermediate (Umbarger et al., 1963; Ros et al., 2014) (KEGG database: http://www.”
Background
Redox regulation of free amino acid levels in Arabidopsis thaliana
Gulyás, Z., Simon‐Sarkadi, L., Badics, E., et al. (2016) · Physiologia Plantarum · doi:10.1111/ppl.12510 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Serine has a crucial role in plant development and metabolism (Ros et al. 2014) and in responding to biotic and abiotic stress effects (Ho and Saito 2001, Benstein et al.”
Background
Isolation and functional characterization of 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase involved in salt responses in sugar beet
Kito, K., Tsutsumi, K., Rai, V., et al. (2017) · PROTOPLASMA · doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1127-7 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“It is known that serine is a major source of methyl group for intracellular methylation reactions (Ros et al. 2014).”
BackgroundInfluential
Regulating the composition and secondary structure of wheat protein through canopy shading to improve dough performance and nutritional index
Yang, H., Li, Y., Zhao, J., et al. (2023) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113399 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Osmotic Stress Leads to Significant Changes in Rice Root Metabolic Profiles between Tolerant and Sensitive Genotypes
Matsunami, M., Toyofuku, K., Kimura, N., et al. (2020) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants9111503 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“In addition to Pro, the concentrations of many amino acids increased under stress conditions, including Ser and Thr, which have been reported to increase in response to stress and which have demonstrated roles in chemical defense against abiotic stresses and in plant growth and development, cell division, and phytohor…”
Background
Tannery waste as a renewable source of nitrogen for production of multicomponent fertilizers with biostimulating properties
Mikula, K., Konieczka, M., Taf, R., et al. (2022) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-022-20621-3 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Serine Ser 255 ± 38 296 ± 44 2601 ± 390 Regulation of the water balance (Ros et al. 2014)”
Background
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Tuberization In Vitro Regulated by IAA
Wang, D., Cheng, L., Wang, Y., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Potato Research · doi:10.1007/s12230-018-9640-6 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Phosphoserine aminotransferase catalyzes the reaction of 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate to 3- phosphoserin, which is the pivotal step of L-serine biosynthesis pathway in plants (Ros et al. 2014).”
Targeting the Serine Pathway: A Promising Approach against Tuberculosis?
Haufroid, M., & Wouters, J. (2019) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph12020066 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“3-PGA, 3-phosphoglycerate; 3PHP, 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate; 3-PS, 3-Phospho-L-Serine; PGDH, Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase; PSAT, Phosphoserine aminotransferase; PSP, Phosphoserine phoshatase; SHMT, Serine hydroxymethyltransferase; Pi, PO3− 4 ; TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle or Krebs cycle [46].”
Stromal NADH supplied by PHOSPHOGLYCERATE DEHYDROGENASE3 is crucial for photosynthetic performance
Höhner, R., Day, P. M., Zimmermann, S. E., Lopez, L. S., Krämer, M., Giavalisco, P., Galvis, V. A. C., Armbruster, U., Schöttler, M. A., Jahns, P., et al. (2021) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1093/plphys/kiaa117 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Athird so far overlooked option is the PPSB (Ros et al., 2014).”
InfluentialSelf-citation
METHIONINE-INDUCED CHANGES IN GROWTH, GLYCINEBETAINE, ASCORBIC ACID, TOTAL SOLUBLE PROTEINS AND ANTHOCYANIN CONTENTS OF TWO Zea mays L. VARIETIES UNDER SALT STRESS
Perveen, S., & Hussain, S. A. (2020) · The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences · doi:10.36899/japs.2021.1.0201 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Exogenous applications of amino acids regulate physio-chemical developments in crops under varied climatic conditions (Moreira and Moraes, 2017; Ros et al., 2014).”
Background
Molecular Basis of Soybean Resistance to Soybean Aphids and Soybean Cyst Nematodes
Neupane, S., Purintun, J. M., Mathew, F. M., et al. (2019) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants8100374 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Metabolomic study of stress responses leading to plant resistance in mandarin fruit mediated by preventive applications of Bacillus subtilis cyclic lipopeptides
Tunsagool, P., Wang, X., Leelasuphakul, W., Jutidamrongphan, W., Phaonakrop, N., Jaresitthikunchai, J., Roytrakul, S., Chen, G., & Li, L. (2019) · Postharvest Biology and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2019.110946 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Metabolite expression changes in Kappaphycus alvarezii (a red alga) under hypo- and hyper-saline conditions
Siddiqui, S. A., Agrawal, S., Brahmbhatt, H. R., et al. (2022) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2022.102650 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Tomato ethylene sensitivity determines interaction with plant growth-promoting bacteria
Ibort, P., Molina, S., Núñez, R., et al. (2017) · Annals of Botany · doi:10.1093/aob/mcx052 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Also, previous reports suggested that amino acid 18 homeostasis could have regulatory functions in maintaining plant growth and 19 development (Walch-Liu et al. 2006; Yu et al. 2013; Ros et al. 2014).”
Background
Mass Spectrometry Imaging of low Molecular Weight Compounds in Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) with Gold Nanoparticle Enhanced Target
Misiorek, M., Sekuła, J., & Ruman, T. (2017) · Phytochemical Analysis · doi:10.1002/pca.2696 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“This pathway is more important because it is the only serine source for specific cell types involved in developmental events in plants (Ros et al., 2014).”
Background
Structural Analysis of Phosphoserine Aminotransferase (Isoform 1) From Arabidopsis thaliana– the Enzyme Involved in the Phosphorylated Pathway of Serine Biosynthesis
Sekula, B., Ruszkowski, M., & Dauter, Z. (2018) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.00876 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Comparative transcriptomic profiling of High- and Low- grain Zinc and Iron containing Indian wheat genotypes
Mishra, V. K., Gupta, S. K., Chand, R., Yadav, P. S., Singh, S. K., Joshi, A. K., & Varadwaj, P. K. (2019) · Current Plant Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cpb.2019.100105 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Effect of Light Quality on Metabolomic, Ionomic, and Transcriptomic Profiles in Tomato Fruit
Xiao, L., Shibuya, T., Watanabe, T., Kato, K., & Kanayama, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232113288 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Profiles of carotenoids and amino acids and total phenolic compounds of the red alga Pterocladiella capillacea exposed to cadmium and different salinities
Schmidt, É. C., Felix, M. R. D. L., Kreusch, M., et al. (2015) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-015-0737-8 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Serine is responsible for forming part of proteins and performing catalytic functions in many enzymes (Ros et al. 2014), and it is involved in the responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in land plants (Ros et al.”
BackgroundInfluential
Chloroplastic Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase From Medicago truncatula: A Structural Characterization
Ruszkowski, M., Sekula, B., Ruszkowska, A., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.00584 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“The glycolate pathway, where SHMT acts to biosynthesize Ser in plants, is one of the three routes of Ser biosynthesis; others are glycerate and phosphorylated pathways (Ros et al., 2014).”
Background
Deficiency in the Phosphorylated Pathway of Serine Biosynthesis Perturbs Sulfur Assimilation
Anoman, A. D., Flores‐Tornero, M., Benstein, R. M., Blau, S., Rosa‐Téllez, S., Bräutigam, A., Fernie, A. R., Muñoz‐Bertomeu, J., Schilasky, S., Meyer, A. J., et al. (2019) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.18.01549 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“…nonphotorespiratory pathways (PPSB and glycerate pathways) raised the question of whether the glycolate pathway is sufficient to supply Ser to all plant cell types (heterotrophic/ autotrophic), and under different environmental (i.e. day/night) and developmental conditions (Ros et al., 2013, 2014).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Mechanisms of Sugar Beet Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
Yu, B., Chen, M., Грин, И. Р., & Ma, C. (2020) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41283-8_10 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Essential oils, amino acids and polyphenols changes in salt-stressed Thymus vulgaris exposed to open–field and shade enclosure
Zrig, A., Tounekti, T., AbdElgawad, H., et al. (2016) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.012 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Molecular dissection of pathway components unravel atisine biosynthesis in a non-toxic Aconitum species, A. heterophyllum Wall
Kumar, V., Malhotra, N., Pal, T., et al. (2016) · 3 Biotech · doi:10.1007/s13205-016-0417-7 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Further existence of multiple pathways for serine biosynthesis in plants, viz. phosphorylated, glycolate and glycerate pathways complicated our realization of atisine production in A. heterophyllum (Ros et al. 2014).”
BackgroundInfluential
Copper-Induced Activation of MAPKs, CDPKs and CaMKs Triggers Activation of Hexokinase and Inhibition of Pyruvate Kinase Leading to Increased Synthesis of ASC, GSH and NADPH in Ulva compressa
Laporte, D., González, A., & Moenne, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00990 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Serine is synthesized from 3-phophoglycerate produced in glycolysis and it is the precursor of methionine, cysteine and glycine (Ros et al., 2014).”
Background
Are changes in sulfate assimilation pathway needed for evolution of C4 photosynthesis?
Gerlich, S. C., & Kopřiva, S. (2015) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00773 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Sulfate Metabolism in C4Flaveria Species Is Controlled by the Root and Connected to Serine Biosynthesis
Gerlich, S. C., Walker, B. J., Krueger, S., & Kopřiva, S. (2018) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.18.00520 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Combined Loss of Triose Phosphate and Xylulose 5-Phosphate/Phosphate Translocators Leads to Severe Growth Retardation and Impaired Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana tpt/xpt Double Mutants
Hilgers, E. J. A., Schöttler, M. A., Mettler‐Altmann, T., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01331 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
Metabolic Profiling of γ-Irradiated Barley Plants Identifies Reallocation of Nitrogen Metabolism and Metabolic Stress Response
Volkova, P., Clément, G., Макаренко, Е. С., Kazakova, E., Bitarishvili, S. V., & Lychenkova, M. A. (2020) · Dose-Response · doi:10.1177/1559325820914186 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Its accumulation in plants grown under low temperature and elevated salinity conditions has been reported.(41) Glycerate concentrations decrease in roots of irradiated plants (Figure 2) can reflect the photosynthetic inhibition: less photorespiration and less glycerate.”
Background
Proteomic investigation of Zn-challenged rice roots reveals adverse effects and root physiological adaptation
Šimon, M., Shen, Z., Ghoto, K., et al. (2020) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-020-04772-1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“The simultaneous Zn-induced up-regulation of TPIs and up-regulation of two isoforms of cysteine synthase (spots 3302 and 3310) (Table 1), however, suggests TPI provided glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) for cysteine synthesis via serine (Ros et al. 2014).”
Background
Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Hydrogen Cyanamide in Promoting Flower Bud Break in Blueberry
Wang, H., Xia, X., & An, L. (2021) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy11010102 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“In plants, serine is predominantly generated during the overall process of photorespiration [35].”
Background
Root-Expressed Rice PAP3b Enhances Secreted APase Activity and Helps Utilize Organic Phosphate
Bhadouria, J., Mehra, P., Verma, L., Pazhamala, L. T., Rumi, R., Panchal, P., Sinha, A. K., & Giri, J. (2023) · Plant and Cell Physiology · doi:10.1093/pcp/pcad013 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Melatonin enhances nitrogen metabolism and haustorium development in hemiparasite Santalum album Linn.
Meng, S., Wang, X., Bian, Z., Li, Z., Yang, F., Wang, S., Yoder, J. I., & Lu, J. (2021) · Environmental and Experimental Botany · doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2021.104460 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Generous hosts: What makes Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) the perfect experimental host plant for fastidious bacteria?
Killiny, N. (2016) · Plant Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.09.002 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“…and 0.5 mM in xylem sap, suggesting that auxins, end products of serine 206 metabolism, are transported in both phloem and xylem vascular systems (Ros et al., 2014). γ-207 aminobutyric acid (GABA), a nonprotein amino acid also synthesized from glutamate, was found 208 M AN US CR IP T AC CE PT…”
BackgroundInfluential
Evolutionary implications of C2 photosynthesis: how complex biochemical trade-offs may limit C4 evolution
Walsh, C. A., Bräutigam, A., ROBERTS, M. R., & Lundgren, M. R. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erac465 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“The reduced photorespiratory flux in C4 leaves will require serine biosynthesis to be re-routed, either through its import via a different organ, the glycerate pathway, or via the phosphorylated pathway of serine synthesis (Ros et al., 2014; Zimmermann et al., 2021).”
Background
Metabolic Patterns in Spirodela polyrhiza Revealed by 15N Stable Isotope Labeling of Amino Acids in Photoautotrophic, Heterotrophic, and Mixotrophic Growth Conditions
Evans, E. M., Freund, D. M., Sondervan, V. M., Cohen, J. D., & Hegeman, A. D. (2018) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2018.00191 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“The main source of serine biosynthesis in most conditions is the glycolate pathway (Douce et al., 2001; Ros et al., 2014).”
Background

The p38MAPK Inhibitor SB203580 Alleviates Ultraviolet-Induced Phosphorylation at Serine 389 but Not Serine 15 and Activation of p53
Keller, D., Zeng, X., Li, X., Kapoor, M., Iordanov, M. S., Taya, Y., Lozano, G., Magun, B. E., & Lu, H. (1999) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.1023 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Antibodies to assess phosphorylation of spinach leaf nitrate reductase on serine 543 and its binding to 14‐3‐3 proteins
Weiner, H., & Kaiser, W. M. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jexbot/52.359.1165 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
CFTR activation: additive effects of stimulatory and inhibitory phosphorylation sites in the R domain
Wilkinson, D. J., Strong, T. V., Mansoura, M. K., et al. (1997) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.1997.273.1.l127 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Identification of a phosphorylation site in c-Ski as serine 515
Nagata, M., Nagata, S., Yuki, K., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1093/jb/mvq076 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Two phosphorylation sites on eIF‐2α
Kramer, G. (1990) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(90)80919-a · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Authors: Ros, R., Muñoz-Bertomeu, J., & Krueger, S.
Affiliations: Universitat de València (ES)
University of Cologne (DE)
Corresponding author: Ros, Roc
ORCID: Ros, Roc
Krueger, Stephan
Venue: Trends in Plant Science
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-09
Volume: 19
Issue: 9
Pages: 564-569
ISSN: 1360-1385 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.06.003
OpenAlex: W2073447660
Semantic Scholar: 154570f017e6fc826ddb368e9b522b6e8b67ae54
Cited by: 279
References: 48
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 2
FWCI: 1.59
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Trends in Plant Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Kölner Universitäts PublikationsServer (Universität zu Köln) (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nitrogen and Sulfur Effects on Brassica
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Keywords: serine biosynthesis, serine metabolism, amino acid homeostasis, plant development, embryonic development, male gametophyte development, root development
MeSH terms: Glycolysis, Phosphorylation, Photosynthesis, Plant Proteins, Plants, Seeds, Serine, Stress, Physiological, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Plant Roots

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Serine in plants: biosynthesis, metabolism, and functions

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