Beyond semantic distance: Automated scoring of divergent thinking greatly improves with large language models

Attention Is All You Need

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MizAR 60 for Mizar 50

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Glove: Global Vectors for Word Representation

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Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space

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Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality

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Language Models are Few-Shot Learners

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RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach

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Learning the parts of objects by non-negative matrix factorization

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Development of a digital Creative Figural Design Test (CFDT): An approach to integrating divergent and convergent processes

Chen, P.-Z., Wu, C., & Chen, H. (2024) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2024.101716 · Cited by 3

A Systematic Quantitative Review of Divergent Thinking AssessmentsPreprint

Saretzki, J., Forthmann, B., & Benedek, M. (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/eaqbt · Cited by 3

Stable Diffusion Models Reveal a Persisting Human–AI Gap in Visual Creativity

Rondini, S., Alvarez‐Martin, C., Angermair‐Barkai, P., Penacchio, O., Paz, M., Pelowski, M., Dediu, D., Rodriguez‐Fornells, A., & Cerda‐Company, X. (2026) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202524142 · Cited by 2

Amplifying the Anomaly: How Humans Choose Unproven Options and Large Language Models Avoid Them

Brandt, A. (2024) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419.2024.2361217 · Cited by 3

Pre-uniform measures in the artificial intelligence era

Dong, Y. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07374-1 · Cited by 4

A cognitive multiplex network approach to investigate mental navigation and predict high-level cognition

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Creative AI-agency: How AI elicits human creative potential

Zielińska, A., & Karwowski, M. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-34073-4.00007-1 · Cited by 2

Beyond idea generation: The importance of idea evaluation in Human-AI collaborative creativity

DiStefano, P. V., & Beaty, R. E. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-34073-4.00013-7 · Cited by 3

Behavioral Dynamics of Creative Cooperation in Human-3C-Bot Communities: An Agent-Based Simulation of Trust-Mediated Innovation

Silva, A. D. N., Nikghadam-Hojjati, S., Estrada-Jimenez, L. A., & Barata, J. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3645676 · Cited by 2

Cognitive Control and Creativity in Children: The Role of Task‐Specific Demands in Divergent Thinking

de Chantal, P., Leblanc, M., Houde-Labrecque, C., & Labrie, C. (2026) · The Journal of Creative Behavior · doi:10.1002/jocb.70095 · Cited by 4

Towards Circuit Mechanisms of the Creative Process

Seiler, J. P.-H., Eppler, J.-B., Dan, O., Elpelt, J., Kaschube, M., & Rumpel, S. (2026) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419.2026.2646676 · Cited by 5

Know when to trust: Making AI scoring more reliable for educational assessment

Organisciak, P., & Acar, S. (2026) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-026-03058-1 · Cited by 3

Linguistic Relativity in Creative Thought: How Divergent Thinking in Response to Motion Events is Influenced by Satellite‐ and Verb‐Framed Languages

Mai, R., & de Rooij, A. (2023) · The Journal of Creative Behavior · doi:10.1002/jocb.615 · Cited by 2

The Psychometric Properties of the ACIE Test for the Identification of High Intellectual Abilities

Torres, X. A. –., Moreno, A. G. Y., Núñez-Naranjo, A. F., Bunci, M. G. R., & Santacruz, S. E. T. (2024) · Journal of Ecohumanism · doi:10.62754/joe.v3i3.3559 · Cited by 2

Release from (creative) proactive inhibition: Can we manipulate divergent thinking the same as memory?

Huang, Y., Zhang, Z., Cao, G., Kenett, Y. N., & Xu, Z. (2025) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2025.101821 · Cited by 2

Reversing the alternate uses task

Scherbakova, A., Dumas, D., Kagan, S., Vlaamster, T., Acar, S., & Organisciak, P. (2025) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2025.101915 · Cited by 2

Lower engagement of cognitive control, attention, modulation networks and lower creativity in children while using ChatGPT: an fMRI studyPreprint

Horowitz‐Kraus, T., Kenett, Y. N., Link, D., Ashqar, E., & Farah, R. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.07.687207 · Cited by 2

La créativité de l’intelligence humaine augmentée par l’IA

Boyer, A., Farzaneh, F., & Pitrone, A. (2024) · Management & Sciences Sociales · doi:10.3917/mss.036.0117 · Cited by 1

A Systematic Literature Review on Automated Scoring of Mathematical Constructed Responses

Kim, S., & Ha, M. (2024) · Journal of Curriculum and Evaluation · doi:10.29221/jce.2024.27.4.293 · Cited by 2

Semantic characterization of ideation: a computational framework using vector embedding and clustering

Sankar, B., & Sen, D. (2025) · Journal of Engineering Design · doi:10.1080/09544828.2025.2537465 · Cited by 1

Development and validation of a GPT-based rater for assessing communication skills using the Gap-Kalamazoo Communication Skills Assessment Form

Ju, Y.-J., Wang, Y., Lee, S., Liu, C., Lee, M., Hou, C.-Y., Yang, C., & Hsieh, C. (2025) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/0142159x.2025.2532783 · Cited by 3

A Consensus Definition of Creativity in Surgery: A Focus Group and Modified Delphi Study

Thabane, A., McKechnie, T., Staibano, P., Calic, G., Arora, V., Webb, M. E., Busse, J. W., Parpia, S., & Bhandari, M. (2025) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419.2025.2543734 · Cited by 1

Using machine learning techniques for evaluating creativity in Graphic Combination Task (GCT) among Chinese college students

Xiao, Y., Li, Y., Gao, S., Chen, Q., Yang, S., & Guo, L. (2025) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2025.102050 · Cited by 1

Self-Rated Originality as a Mediator That Connects Creative Activities and AI-Rated Originality in Divergent Thinking

Kim, Y., & Dumas, D. (2025) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci15111525 · Cited by 1

Non-Linear Relationships Between Creativity Ratings of Musical Improvisations and Melodic Complexity

van Welzen, K., Clemente, A., Ullén, F., & de Manzano, Ö. (2026) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419.2025.2599793 · Cited by 1

There are no stupid questions, only ones we think are stupid: The accuracy of self-assessed question asking ability

Raz, T., & Kenett, Y. N. (2026) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2026.113721 · Cited by 1

Random Forest Predicts Human Ratings of Creative Stories Using Very Small Training Samples

Barbot, B., & Kiekens, T. C. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16040576 · Cited by 1

Experiences of absorption and smooth performance during flow are linked to different aspects of creative thinking

Koivisto, M. (2026) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2026.104060 · Cited by 1

Automating creativity assessment in engineering design: A psychometric validation of AI ‐generated items of the design problem task

Luchini, S. A., Beaty, R. E., Boyce, A. S., Zappe, S. E. R., & Forthmann, B. (2026) · Journal of Engineering Education · doi:10.1002/jee.70066 · Cited by 1

Episodic and semantic memory contributions to imagination and creativity

Thakral, P. P., Madore, K. P., Gomez, R., & Devitt, A. L. (2026) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2026.2691565 · Cited by 1

Scales and Tasks for Art and Creativity Assessment (STAC)

Kenett, Y. N., Silvia, P. J., & Benedek, M. (2026) · Psychological Test Adaptation and Development · doi:10.1027/2698-1866/a000140 · Cited by 1

Language Experience Shapes Creative Idea Generation

Fernández-Duque, M., Chung-Fat-Yim, A., & Marian, V. (2026) · The Journal of Creative Behavior · doi:10.1002/jocb.70128 · Cited by 1

Автоматическая оценка тестов на вербальную креативность: от лексических баз данных к большим языковым моделям

Valueva, E. А., Panfilova, A. S., & Семеновна, Р. А. (2024) · Психология Журнал Высшей школы экономики · doi:10.17323/1813-8918-2024-1-202-225 · Cited by 1

Scaling a common assessment of associative ability: Development and validation of a multiple-choice compound remote associates task

Mather, K. A., Weston, S. J., & Condon, D. M. (2024) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-024-02422-3 · Cited by 1

Measuring Group Creativity of Dialogic Interaction Systems by Means of Remote Entailment Analysis

Baumartz, D., Konca, M., Mehler, A., Schrottenbacher, P., & Braunheim, D. (2024) · ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media (HT) · doi:10.1145/3648188.3675140 · Cited by 1

Creativity Enhancement: A Primer

Ding, K., & Kenett, Y. N. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197677131.013.21 · Cited by 1

The Cyber-Creative DA VINCI Process

Corazza, G. E. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-84535-2_1 · Cited by 1

Computational Co-Creativity

Rafner, J. F. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197698181.013.0043 · Cited by 3

The Effects of (Dis)similarities Between the Creator and the Assessor on Assessing Creativity: A Comparison of Humans and LLMs

Hof, M. O. ‘., Hu, K., Tong, S., & Bai, H. (2025) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence13070080 · Cited by 1

How Much Retrieval Ability Is in Originality?Preprint

Weiss, S., Goecke, B., & Wilhelm, O. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/9h2xy · Cited by 1

Creative self-belief responses versus manual and automated Guilford alternate use task scoring: A cross-sectional studyPreprint

Wahbeh, H., Cannard, C., Yount, G. L., Arnaud Delorme, A., & Radin, D. I. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/vjqnu · Cited by 1

Investigation of Response Aggregation Methods in Divergent Thinking AssessmentsPreprint

Saretzki, J., Andrae, R., Forthmann, B., & Benedek, M. (2024) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/kpxnt · Cited by 1

Within-Model vs Between-Prompt Variability in Large Language Models for Creative Tasks

Haase, J., Gonnermann-Müller, J., Hanel, P. H. P., Leins, N., Kosch, T., Mendling, J., & Pokutta, S. (2026) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.21339

Automated Central Bank Policy Question and Answer System based on Large Language Models

Yan, S., Mo, F., Li, H., & Xiao, Y. (2024) · International Conference on Economic Management and Big Data Application (ICEMBDA) · doi:10.4108/eai.27-10-2023.2341977

Divergent Thinking Responses: An Evaluation of Substantive Validity under Multiple Scoring Approaches

Smith, K. (2024) · doi:10.12794/metadc2332546

openscoring: 'Open Scoring' API Client

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Spontaneous associative thought may facilitate scene-gist memory via implicit scene-labeling

Baror, S., Aminoff, E., & Kenett, Y. N. (2024) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-024-01672-y

Creativity in Gifted Education Policy and Assessment

Grantham, T. C., Acar, S., Dumas, D., & Fox, S. S. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197698181.013.0023

Scaling Analysis of Creative Activity Traces via Fuzzy Linkography

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Development and Validation of the Cebeci Test of Creativity: A Computerized Test of Figural Creativity

Cebeci, S. M., & Acar, S. (2025) · The Journal of Creative Behavior · doi:10.1002/jocb.70030

Semantic Measures of Creativity

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A comparative approach to assessing linguistic creativity of Large Language Models and Humans

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Assessing creativity with AI

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Introducing the fusion innovation test as a new paradigm for studying realworld creative problem solving

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Creative and depressive profiles shape divergent thinking in emotion regulation idea generation

Bellaiche, L., Faul, L., & LaBar, K. S. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-32365-4

How to maximize the creativity of artificial intelligence: an experimental analysis of response order and prompting effects

Arora, V., Sutoski, A., Boilard, J., Leone, E., Zizzo, H., Wang, B.-R., Calic, G., Parpia, S., Bhandari, M., & Thabane, A. (2025) · Ai & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-025-02816-7 · Cited by 1

Creating. The Metacognitive Life of Things: Hylomentation in Metareasoning Contexts

Ross, W. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-12283-4_2

Incentives and Creativity in Groups—Experimental Evidence on Creative Processes and DimensionsPreprint

Sarrazin, E. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6077334

Analysis of the Mechanism of Influence of Problem Graphs on Autonomous Learning Supported by Large Language Models

程, 晗. (2026) · Creative Education Studies · doi:10.12677/ces.2026.142128

Are Eight Chatbots Better Than One? Boosting Chatbot Creative Outcomes via Exposure to Self- and Peer-Generated ExamplesPreprint

Grammenos, D., & Lubart, T. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8718021/v1

Assessing the interaction of empathy and diversity in creative teams

Rodet, C. S. (2026) · Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics · doi:10.1016/j.socec.2026.102533

Knowledge reshapes inquiry by changing question asking ability and impacting academic assessment

Raz, T., & Kenett, Y. N. (2026) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-026-00402-0 · Cited by 1

Reading ability conflates SES creativity gaps

Lichand, G. F., Lopes, L., & Allums, S. (2026) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-026-00404-y

Multimodal Dynamics of Mental Fatigue and Their Selective Modulation by Acute Exercise: Effects on Memory and CreativityPreprint

Gélébart, J., Digonet, G., Jacquet, T., Ruffino, C., & Debarnot, U. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.02.25.708006

AI to Improve the Qualitative Research Approach: A Methodological Contribution to the AOL Method

Chamsi, Y., Couder, J., & Valette‐Florence, P. (2026) · International Journal of Market Research · doi:10.1177/14707853261427652

A Rubric-Guided Multimodal Approach Using High-Capacity LLMs Provides Psychometrically Sound Creativity Assessment in Learning Games

Rahimi, S., Li, H., Esmaeiligoujar, S., Ercan, D., & Botelho, A. F. (2026) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419.2026.2638384

A Review of Creativity Assessment Research

曹, 鹏. (2026) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2026.163133

Inside a creativity mirage: Hypomanic traits are related to biases in self-evaluations of originality

Khoriaty, F., Bonneville‐Roussy, A., Houde-Labrecque, C., & de Chantal, P. (2026) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2026.113780

Unintentional Outcomes as a Catalyst for Brainstorming

Reich, T., Fulmer, A. G., & Herd, K. B. (2026) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672261435656

Tracking Divergent Thinking: Perplexity as a Unified Metric of Surprise

Yu, Y., Raffaelli, Q., Luchini, S. A., Beaty, R. E., & Andrews‐Hanna, J. R. (2026) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2026.102220

Proactive AI as a Catalyst for Creativity? Balancing Human Agency and AI Contribution in Collaborative Story Writing

Yin, Y., Wu, M., Huang, R., Tong, X., Zhou, J., Yu, C., & Shi, Y. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3790848 · Cited by 4

Solving the paradox between the generalized partial credit model and PISA’s rating instructions: A generalized IRTree approach to within-rating multidimensionality

Myszkowski, N., & Storme, M. (2026) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2026.102228

The links between creativity and cognitive and affective empathy in a large sample of 8- and 9-year-old children

Groyecka-Bernard, A., Gajda, A., Jędryczka, W., Jankowska, D. M., Karwowski, M., Lebuda, I., Pytlińska, A., Zielińska, A., Jędrusiak, J., Bubiłek, P., et al. (2026) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2026.102233

Best of both worlds: combining LLMs and traditional ML for automated scoring of an open-response situational judgment test

Walsh, C., Suresh, S., & Ivan, R. (2026) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2026.1756673

Internal Dialogue During Divergent Thinking is Associated With Originality—But in Unexpected Ways

Labrie, C., & de Chantal, P. (2026) · Imagination Cognition and Personality · doi:10.1177/02762366261446941

The comprehensive evaluation of urban business under deep learning and Siamese neural network

Zhang, X., & Cui, X. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-51434-w

Psycholinguistics of divergent thinking prompts predict the originality of elementary students’ responses

Vlaamster, T., Acar, S., Organisciak, P., Dumas, D., & Berthiaume, K. (2026) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716426100587

Listen to Your Body to Control Your Thoughts: The Dynamic Interplay of State Self‐Regulation, Creativity, and Cardiac Interoception in Everyday Life

Rominger, C., Perchtold‐Stefan, C. M., Polz, A., Weber, B., & Schwerdtfeger, A. R. (2026) · The Journal of Creative Behavior · doi:10.1002/jocb.70114

A Visual Decoupling Index Marks Internal Attention During Creative Verbal Generation in Face-to-Face Conversation

Weit, J., Pauli, J. N. J., & de Manzano, Ö. (2026) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419.2026.2679571

Automated scoring of young learners’ student-generated questioning in elementary reading: A machine-learning approach

Kim, H., Ignacio, A., & Jang, E. E. (2026) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105674

Desempeño de una herramienta basada en IA para la corrección del TTCT-Verbal en la evaluación del pensamiento creativo

Huerta, R., & Silva-Fuentes, E. (2026) · Revista de Investigación Educativa · doi:10.6018/rie.710621

Evaluating LLM-Based Coders in Psychological Assessment: A Validation Framework With Application to the Rorschach Morbid Content Variable

Pimentel, R. P. F. D. A., & Meyer, G. J. (2026) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911261455137

Measuring Creativity at Scale via Multimodal Large Language Models

Lewis, A., & Ochôa, X. (2026) · ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale (L@S) · doi:10.1145/3774398.3811607

Using Poly-Encoders for Computationally Efficient Automated Creativity Assessment

Grouchnikov, S., Gregory, P., & Noh, J. (2026) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-29755-6_32

LLMs in Automated Assessment: A Role-Based Taxonomy and Framework for Controlled Educational Integration

Vangelova, A., & Gаnchеvа, V. (2026) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app16136617 · Cited by 1

Is It Novel and Why? Fine-Grained Patent Novelty Prediction Based on Passage Retrieval

Knappich, V., Hätty, A., Razniewski, S., & Friedrich, A. (2026) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3805712.3809576

Effects of an open-label placebo on divergent thinking performance

Stopper, M., Wabnegger, A., Saretzki, J., Scheer, C., & Schienle, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1833541

Künstliche Intelligenz und Individuelle Unterschiede

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Are Creative People More Susceptible to False Memory? Evidence for Age- and Task-Related Differences

West, J. T., Luchini, S., Beaty, R., & Dennis, N. (2026) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419.2026.2703186

Rebuilding the Bridge: Overlooked Creativity Insights and Their Implications for Gifted Education

Puryear, J. S., Lamb, K. N., Acar, S., Dumas, D., Mammadov, S., & Rubenstein, L. D. (2026) · Gifted Child Quarterly · doi:10.1177/00169862261460090

Multilingual Subjective Question Grading via Large Language Model-Enhanced Multi-Text Similarity FusionPreprint

Li, Y., He, J., Bao, W., Zhou, Y., Xu, W., Chen, Z., & Yiu, M. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7197890

Beyond Creativity Scores: Exploring PRE–POST Differences in Teachers’ Semantic Networks After SCIP Training

Haim, E., Haim, K., Aschauer, W., Rossetti, G., & Stella, M. (2026) · Big Data and Cognitive Computing · doi:10.3390/bdcc10100336

Prospects of intelligent autonomous control technology in aerospace

Bao, W., & Qi, Z. (2026) · Science China Technological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11431-025-3387-8

Semantic Alignment is Not Enough: Evaluating Creativity in Iterative AI Image Generation

Schmidt, R. P. W., Conijn, R., Lin, P.-Y., Pauwels, P., & Hofmeyer, H. (2026) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419.2026.2720462 · Cited by 1

Applying Intelligent Agent in the Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) to Promote Students' Argumentation Performance in Elementary Science Curriculum: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Wang, L., Long, T., & Zhao, G. (2026) · International Conference on Computer Science and Technologies in Education (CSTE) · doi:10.1109/cste69562.2026.11649594

Establishing the behavioral feasibility of a structured story-generation paradigm for neurophysiological research

Kurry, S., Delichte, J., Yee, S., Damji, S., & Virji‐Babul, N. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1920009

What Is the Worst Gift to Bring to a Wedding? Measuring Humor with Quirky Questions

Silvia, P. J., & Bui, V. (2026) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419.2026.2731419

Evaluation of Large Language Models as Tools, Models, and Partners in Creative Thinking Research: A Selective Narrative Review with the GCA Framework

Huang, K., Liu, C., & Yang, J. (2026) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence14090218

Human-in-the-loop formative assessment with smaller language models: An equivalence testing study in programming education

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