Species of ticks and carried pathogens in owned dogs in Spain: results of a one-year national survey
Abstract
This study presents the results of a national survey in Spain on the distribution of ticks on owned dogs, their phenology and the associated pathogens over one year. In the study, 1628 adult ticks were collected on 660 dogs presented to 26 veterinary practices, of which 507 dogs (76.8%) carried at least one adult tick. The primary species of ticks were Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (53%), Dermacentor reticulatus (9%), Ixodes ricinus (9%), and I. hexagonus (4%). Parasitism by two species of these ticks was rare. The four species showed a clear association with the biogeographical features of the country, with I. ricinus associated with the wettest northern regions, I. hexagonus and D. reticulatus associated with the north of the territory, and R. sanguineus s.l. prevalent throughout the entire country. Dogs living in rural areas had a higher prevalence of all species, but R. sanguineus s.l. was the most prevalent; however, this tick was also more common on dogs living indoors. R. sanguineus s.l. adults were active throughout the year, with a maximum peak from March to July. The other tick species were collected throughout the year, with an autumn-winter peak of D. reticulatus, but without clear seasonality for either I. ricinus or I. hexagonus. Combined real-time PCR and conventional PCR of the feeding ticks recorded Piroplasmida (Hepatozoon canis, Babesia canis, B. gibsoni, and several sequences compatible with Theileria spp.), Rickettsia spp. (R. massiliae, R. sibirica mongolitimonae, R. monacensis), Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, A. phagocytophilum and Borrelia spp. (B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. valaisiana). Hepatozoon canis and B. canis were the most frequently detected pathogens, with variable rates of infection according to the region. Other than a close association of Borrelia spp. with I. ricinus (and therefore to the wet northern areas of the territory), the other tick-borne pathogens were recorded throughout the country. Although a potential transmission role for ticks carrying unusual pathogens cannot be attributed to these results, these findings introduce a change of paradigm on the tick-borne pathogen distribution in Spain and emphasize the importance of performing active surveys to understand the complex patterns of tick-borne pathogen distributions and their vectors.
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The homogeneous distribution of Anaplasma spp. and E. canis could be due to the wide distribution of their vectors, R. sanguineus and I. ricinus, throughout Spain.
“This could be due to the fact that the vectors, R. sanguineus and I. ricinus, are widely distributed throughout the Spanish geography (61).”
From Current Distribution of Selected Vector-Borne Diseases in Dogs in Spain (2020) · cites this paper as [61]
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Current Distribution of Selected Vector-Borne Diseases in Dogs in Spain
Montoya-Alonso, J. A., Morchón, R., Costa-Rodríguez, N., Matos, J. I., Falcón-Cordón, Y., & Carretón, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.564429 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Estrada-Peña, A., Roura, X., Sainz, A., Miró, G., & Solano-Gallego, L.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
- Venue
- Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-06
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 443-452
- ISSN
- 1877-959X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2585491610
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 6.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Merial Laboratorios (Spain)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Study of Mite Species
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Bartonella species infections research
- Keywords
- dogs, ticks, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes hexagonus, tick-borne pathogens, Hepatozoon canis, Babesia canis, Babesia gibsoni, Theileria, Rickettsia, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia, tick phenology, tick distribution, Spain, tick-borne diseases
- MeSH terms
- Animals, DNA, Bacterial, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Female, Nymph, Seasons, Spain, Tick Infestations, Ticks, Prevalence, DNA, Protozoan, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Pets, Animal Distribution
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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