Head and neck tuberculosis: Literature review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background Head and neck tuberculosis (HNTB), including cervical lymphadenopathy, is the most common extrapulmonary manifestation of TB. The proposed study investigated the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of HNTB.Materials and methods A literature search was conducted via PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Wanfang for keywords (tuberculosis, head and neck, laryngeal, pharyngeal, tongue, oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, and oral cavity). Scientific articles published from January 1990 through July 2017 were selected and reviewed to assess the epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis and treatment of HNTB disease.Results Results from the included 57 studies revealed that the majority of HNTB cases were age<40 years and female. The most common HNTB sites were cervical lymph nodes (87.9%), followed by larynx (8.7%). Involvement of other HN-regions was rare (3.4%). Multidrug resistant TB was not common among the majority of studies. Given the paucibacillary nature of HNTB, sputum tests did not have a good performance on HNTB diagnosis. Most of HNTB cases were diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration, cytology and excision biopsies in combination with clinical presentations.Conclusion HNTB disease is an important manifestation in the diagnostic process in an otolaryngologist practice. The developments of rapid, ultrasensitive, simple and cost-effective high-throughput methods for early diagnosis of HNTB are urgently needed.
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Studies point out that enlarged cervical lymph nodes are the most common manifestation, accounting for 77% to 84.17% of cases.
“Studies point out that enlarged cervical lymph nodes are the most common manifestation, accounting for a significant proportion of cases in various studies, ranging from 77% to 84.17% of cases [25].”
From Head and Neck Tuberculosis: A Rare Diagnosis and the Role of Surgical Biopsy and Histopathological Evaluation in Extrapulmonary Disease (2025) · cites this paper as [25]
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- Authors
- Qian, X., Albers, A. E., Nguyen, D. T. M., Dong, Y., Zhang, Y., Schreiber, F., Sinikovic, B., Bi, X., & Graviss, E. A.
- Affiliations
- Wenzhou Medical University (CN)
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- Houston Methodist (US)
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (CN)
- Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann (DE)
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Graviss, Edward A.
- Venue
- Tuberculosis
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-05
- Volume
- 116
- Pages
- S78-S88
- ISSN
- 1472-9792 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2943046229
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 6.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Tuberculosis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Opening Project of Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences (LKFJ008)
- University of Texas at El Paso
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Keywords
- head and neck tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, cervical lymphadenopathy, laryngeal tuberculosis, pharyngeal tuberculosis, oral tuberculosis, nasopharyngeal tuberculosis, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, paucibacillary tuberculosis, sputum examination, fine needle aspiration cytology, excisional biopsy, clinical features, diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antitubercular Agents, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Tuberculosis, Laryngeal, Tuberculosis, Lymph Node, Tuberculosis, Oral, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
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