A systematic review of human-to-human transmission of measles vaccine virus
Abstract
Measles is one of the most contagious human diseases. Administration of the live attenuated measles vaccine has substantially reduced childhood mortality and morbidity since its licensure in 1963. The live but attenuated form of the vaccine describes a virus poorly adapted to replicating in human tissue, but with a replication yield sufficient to elicit an immune response for long-term protection. Given the high transmissibility of the wild-type virus and that transmission of other live vaccine viruses has been documented, we conducted a systematic review to establish if there is any evidence of human-to-human transmission of the live attenuated measles vaccine virus. We reviewed 773 articles for genotypic confirmation of a vaccine virus transmitted from a recently vaccinated individual to a susceptible close contact. No evidence of human-to-human transmission of the measles vaccine virus has been reported amongst the thousands of clinical samples genotyped during outbreaks or endemic transmission and individual case studies worldwide.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
No suitable tool for assessing risk of bias in noncomparative studies could be found in the literature.
“No suitable tool for assessing noncomparative studies could be found in the literature and similar systematic reviews of human-to-human or animal-to-human transmission of infectious agents that we could find did not undertake a RoB assessment [21–24].”
From Evidence for Human-to-Human Transmission of Hantavirus: A Systematic Review (2022) · cites this paper as [22]
Cites
Specific Enzymatic Amplification of DNA In Vitro: The Polymerase Chain Reaction
Mullis, K., Faloona, F., Scharf, S., Saiki, R., Horn, G., & Erlich, H. (1986) · Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology · doi:10.1101/sqb.1986.051.01.032 · Cited by 3,558 · see citing works
Expanded Programme on Immunization
Kassianos, G. C. (2001) · doi:10.1002/9780470693841.ch8 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Fulginiti, V. A. (1967) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.202.12.1075 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Global Distribution of Measles Genotypes and Measles Molecular Epidemiology
Rota, P. A., Brown, K. E., Mankertz, A., Santibanez, S., Shulga, S. V., Muller, C. P., Hübschen, J. M., Siqueira, M. M., Beirnes, J., Ahmed, H. J., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jir118 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Fulginiti, V. A. (1967) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1967.03130250057008 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses: current state of knowledge.
Kew, O. M., Wright, P. F., Agol, V. I., Delpeyroux, F., Shimizu, H., Nathanson, N., & Pallansch, M. A. (2004) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.1590/s0042-96862004000100006 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Bellini, W. J., Rota, J. S., Lowe, L., Katz, R. S., Dyken, P. R., Zaki, S. R., Shieh, W., & Rota, P. A. (2005) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/497169 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Expanded programme on immunization.
Keja, K., Chan, C., Hayden, G., & Henderson, R. H. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Hummel, K. B., Lowe, L., Bellini, W. J., & Rota, P. A. (2005) · Journal of Virological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.10.006 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Comparison of sequences of the H, F, and N coding genes of measles virus vaccine strains
Rota, J. S., Zhong-De, W., Rota, P. A., & Bellini, W. J. (1994) · Virus Research · doi:10.1016/0168-1702(94)90025-6 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Measles—United States, January 1–April 25, 2008
Clemmons, N. S., Gastañaduy, P. A., Fiebelkorn, A. P., Redd, S. B., & Wallace, G. S. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.299.22.2621 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Progress Toward Regional Measles Elimination — Worldwide, 2000–2014
Perry, R. T., Murray, J., Gacic-Dobo, M., Dabbagh, A. J., Mulders, M. N., Strebel, P. M., Okwo‐Bele, J., Rota, P. A., & Goodson, J. L. (2015) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6444a4 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Measles Vaccines and the Potential for Worldwide Eradication of Measles
Meissner, H. C., Strebel, P. M., & Orenstein, W. A. (2004) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2004-0440 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Strebel, P. M., Papania, M. J., Dayan, G. H., & Halsey, N. A. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3611-1.50022-2 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Genetic Characterization of Measles Vaccine Strains
Bankamp, B., Takeda, M., Zhang, Y., Xu, W., & Rota, P. A. (2011) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jir097 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Studies on an Attenuated Measles-Virus Vaccine
Katz, S. L., Kempe, C. H., Black, F. L., LEPOW, M. L., D, S. K. M., Haggerty, R. J., & Enders, J. F. (1960) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196007282630408 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Vaccine-Associated Measles Pneumonitis in an Adult with AIDS
Angel, J. B., Walpita, P., Lerch, R. A., Sidhu, M. S., Masurekar, M., DeLellis, R. A., Noble, J. T., Snydman, D. R., & Udem, S. A. (1998) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-129-2-199807150-00007 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Strebel, P. M., Cochi, S. L., Hoekstra, E., Rota, P. A., Featherstone, D. A., Bellini, W. J., & Katz, S. L. (2011) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jir111 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Detection of measles virus RNA in urine specimens from vaccine recipients
Rota, P. A., Khan, A. S., Durigon, E. L., Yuran, T. E., Villamarzo, Y., & Bellini, W. J. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.33.9.2485-2488.1995 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The Elimination of Indigenous Measles Transmission in England and Wales
Ramsay, M. E., Jin, L., White, J. M., Litton, P. A., Cohen, B. J., & Brown, D. (2003) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/368024 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Riddell, M. A., Rota, J. S., & Rota, P. A. (2005) · Virology Journal · doi:10.1186/1743-422x-2-87 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Gardy, J. L., Naus, M., Amlani, A., Chung, W., Kim, H., Tan, M., Severini, A., Krajden, M., Puddicombe, D., Sahni, V., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv271 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Disseminated measles infection after vaccination in a child with a congenital immunodeficiency
Monafo, W. J., Haslam, D. B., Roberts, R., Zaki, S. R., Bellini, W. J., & Coffin, C. M. (1994) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(94)70318-3 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Atypical Measles Syndrome: Pathologic and Serologic Findings
Annunziato, D., Kaplan, M. H., Hall, W. W., Ichinose, H., Lin, J. H., Balsam, D., & Paladino, V. S. (1982) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.70.2.203 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Improving molecular tools for global surveillance of measles virus
Bankamp, B., Byrd-Leotis, L. A., Lopareva, E. N., Woo, G. K. S., Liu, C., Jee, Y., Ahmed, H. J., Lim, W. W. L., Ramamurty, N., Mulders, M. N., et al. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Virology · doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2013.05.018 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Can measles be eradicated globally?
de Quadrós, C. A. (2004) · PubMed · doi:10.1590/s0042-96862004000200011 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Expansion of the Global Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network 2005–09
Featherstone, D. A., Rota, P. A., Icenogle, J. P., Mulders, M. N., Jee, Y., Ahmed, H. J., de Filippis, A. M. B., Ramamurty, N., Gavrilin, E., Byabamazima, C. R., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jir107 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Abad, C. L. R., & Safdar, N. (2015) · Current Infectious Disease Reports · doi:10.1007/s11908-015-0506-5 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Diane, E. G. (2007) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/2767 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
MMR vaccine in HIV-infected children — potential hazards?
Goon, P. K. C., Cohen, B. J., Jin, L., Watkins, R., & Tudor‐Williams, G. (2001) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00122-0 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Vaccination against measles: a neverending story
Stittelaar, K. J., de Swart, R. L., & Osterhaus, A. D. M. E. (2002) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1586/14760584.1.2.151 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Detection of measles vaccine in the throat of a vaccinated child
Morfin, F., Beguin, A., Lina, B., & Thouvenot, D. (2002) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00495-9 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Vaccine‐Associated “Wild‐Type” Measles
Berggren, K. L., Tharp, M. D., & Boyer, K. M. (2005) · Pediatric Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.2005.22208.x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
John F. Enders and Measles Virus Vaccine—a Reminiscence
Katz, S. L. (2008) · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-70523-9_1 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Transmission of the L-Zagreb mumps vaccine virus, Croatia, 2005-2008
Kaić, B., Gjenero-Margan, I., Aleraj, B., Ljubin-Šternak, S., Vilibić‐Čavlek, T., Kilvain, S., Pavić, I., Unic-Stojanovic, D. R., & Ilic, A. (2008) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/ese.13.16.18843-en · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Murti, M., Krajden, M., Petrić, M., Hiebert, J., Hemming, F., Hefford, B., Bigham, M., & Buynder, P. G. V. (2013) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2013.18.49.20649 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Kawashima, H., Mori, T., Takekuma, K., Hoshika, A., Hata, M., & Nakayama, T. (1996) · Archives of Virology · doi:10.1007/bf01718162 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Kaić, B., Gjenero-Margan, I., Aleraj, B., Vilibić‐Čavlek, T., Šantak, M., Cvitković, A., Nemeth-Blazic, T., & Ivić-Hofman, I. (2010) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/ese.15.35.19652-en · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Local public health response to vaccine-associated measles: case report
Hau, M., Schwartz, K. L., Frenette, C., Mogck, I., Gubbay, J. B., Severini, A., Hiebert, J., Deeks, S. L., & Morris, S. K. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-269 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Surveillance of tuberculosis in Europe
Schwoebel, V., Rieder, H. L., Watson, J. M., Raviglione, M. C., & for the working group for uniform reporting on tuberculosis in Europe (1996) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/esm.01.01.00200-en · Cited by 18 · see citing works
What is the cause of a rash after measles–mumps–rubella vaccination?
Jenkin, G., Chibo, D., Kelly, H. A., Catton, M. G., & Lynch, P. A. (1999) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1999.tb123596.x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Vaccination with Live Attenuated Measles Virus
Hornick, R. B. (1962) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.1962.02080020356032 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Whole-Genome Sequencing During Measles Outbreaks
Rota, P. A., & Bankamp, B. (2015) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv272 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Differentiating the wild from the attenuated during a measles outbreak
Nestibo, L., Lee, B. E., Fonseca, K., Beirnes, J., Johnson, M. M., & Sikora, C. A. (2012) · Paediatrics & Child Health · doi:10.1093/pch/17.4.e32 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Late Onset of Vaccine-associated Measles in an Adult with Severe Clinical Symptoms: A Case Report
Kurata, T., Kanbayashi, D., Kinoshita, H., Arai, S., Matsui, Y., Fukumura, K., Matsumoto, H., Odaira, F., Murata, A., Konishi, M., et al. (2013) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.10.015 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
BROTHER-TO-SISTER TRANSMISSION OF MEASLES AFTER MEASLES, MUMPS, AND RUBELLA IMMUNISATION
Millson, D. S. (1989) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91274-9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Eckerle, I., Keller‐Stanislawski, B., Santibanez, S., Buderus, S., Hillmann, M., Drosten, C., & Eis‐Hübinger, A. M. (2013) · Clinical and Vaccine Immunology · doi:10.1128/cvi.00084-13 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Nakayama, T., Sawada, A., Kubo, H., Kaida, A., Tanaka, T., Shigemoto, N., Komase, K., & Takeda, M. (2013) · Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12029 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Naseri, M., Salimi, V., Mokhtari‐Azad, T., Esteghamati, A., Gooya, M., Nadji, S., Noroozbabaei, Z., Marashi, S., Saadatmand, Z., Rezaei, F., et al. (2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Isolation of Vaccine-Derived Measles Viruses from Children with Acute Respiratory Infection
Aoki, Y., Mizuta, K., Ikeda, T., Abiko, C., Itagaki, T., & Ahiko, T. (2013) · The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1620/tjem.230.111 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Measles immunisation: time to close the gap
Diseases, T. L. I. (2015) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00504-6 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
BROTHER-TO-SISTER TRANSMISSION OF MEASLES AFTER MMR IMMUNISATION
Campbell, A. G. M. (1989) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90041-x · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Late Onset of Vaccine-associated Measles in Adults
Pellegrino, P., Carnovale, C., Clementi, E., & Radice, S. (2014) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.02.046 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
7 of the 62 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rota, P. A., Moss, W. J., Takeda, M., de Swart, R. L., Thompson, K. M., & Goodson, J. L. (2016) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.49 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Niehues, T., Bogdan, C., Hecht, J., Mertens, T., Wiese‐Posselt, M., & Zepp, F. (2017) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-017-2555-4 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Laws, H.-J., Baumann, U., Bogdan, C., Burchard, G., Christopeit, M., Hecht, J., Heininger, U., Hilgendorf, I., Kern, W., Kling, K., et al. (2020) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-020-03123-w · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Public health responses during measles outbreaks in elimination settings: Strategies and challenges
Gastañaduy, P. A., Banerjee, E., DeBolt, C., Bravo‐Alcántara, P., Samad, S. A., Pastor, D., Rota, P. A., Patel, M., Crowcroft, N. S., & Dürrheim, D. N. (2018) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2018.1474310 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Evidence for Human-to-Human Transmission of Hantavirus: A Systematic Review
Toledo, J., Haby, M. M., Reveiz, L., Sosa Leon, L., Angerami, R., & Aldighieri, S. (2022) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiab461 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
New Insights into Cell Culture Technology
Gowder, S. J. (2017) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/62590 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Muñoz-Alía, M. Á., Nace, R. A., Zhang, L., & Russell, S. J. (2021) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100225 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Berg, T., Aehling, N., Bruns, T., Welker, M., Weismüller, T. J., Trebicka, J., Tacke, F., Strnad, P., Sterneck, M. R., Settmacher, U., et al. (2024) · Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie · doi:10.1055/a-2255-7246 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Chang, S. Y., Bisht, A., Faysman, K., Schiller, G. J., Uslan, D. Z., & Multani, A. (2021) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab326 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Peak, C. M., Lyons, H. M., Voorman, A., Gray, E. J., Cooper, L., Blake, I. M., Hawes, K. M., & Bandyopadhyay, A. S. (2024) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines12121308 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Measles Vaccine Virus RNA in Children More Than 100 Days after Vaccination
McMahon, J., Mackay, I. M., & Lambert, S. B. (2019) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v11070636 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationPabbaraju, K., Gill, K., Wong, A. A., Tipples, G. A., Hiebert, J., Severini, A., Fonseca, K., & Tellier, R. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.01828-18 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Concepts for the Production of Viruses and Viral Vectors in Cell Cultures
Grein, T. A., Weidner, T., & Czermak, P. (2017) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/66903 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Identifying Vaccine-associated Rash Illness Amidst a Large Measles Outbreak: Minnesota, 2017
Martin, K. G., Banerjee, E., McMahon, M., Kenyon, C., Strain, A. K., Muscoplat, M. H., Gastañaduy, P. A., Rota, P. A., Mody, R. K., & Ehresmann, K. (2020) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa168 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Cui, A., Wang, H., Zhu, Z. H., Mao, N., Song, J., Zhang, Y., & Xu, W. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.01472-20 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Vaccine-associated measles in a healthy 40-year-old woman
Churchill, L., Rizzuti, F. A., Fonseca, K., & Kim, J. (2018) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.180527 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Stanoeva, K. R., Kohl, R., & Bodewes, R. (2021) · Access Microbiology · doi:10.1099/acmi.0.000283 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Moss, W. J., & Strebel, P. M. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-79058-1.00038-4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Thomas, C., Hartley, A., Schmitz, A. M., Reid, H. D., Sullivan, S., Huebner, E. M., Robinson, M., Mathis, A. D., Fill, M. A., Levinson, K. J., et al. (2024) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7312a3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Watkins, T. A., Brockhurst, J., Germain, G., Griffin, D. E., & Foxman, E. F. (2024) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiae537 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Current and Prospect on Measles Outbreak
Kim, Y. C., & Choi, Y. H. (2019) · Korean Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3904/kjm.2019.94.3.237 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Wilson, S. E., Zubach, V., Lew, B., Hasso, M., Olsha, R., Salvadori, M. I., Manoj, N., & Hiebert, J. (2025) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2025.30.43.2500774 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hacker, J. K. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.02329-16 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Petel, D. S., Juma, N., Coghill, C.-L., Wilson, S. E., Zygmunt, A., Tadros, M., Campigotto, A. J., Beck, C. E., Kazmi, K., Ali, M., et al. (2024) · Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada · doi:10.3138/jammi-2023-0026 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Two vaccine-associated measles cases: Transmission or coincidental cases?
Hernández‐Aceituno, A., Curbelo, D. S., García, I. F., Lana, Á. T., Melián, R. A. M., & Larumbe‐Zabala, E. (2026) · Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.eimce.2026.503071 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Three paradoxical paradigms of measles virus
Clark, S., & Sinn, P. L. (2026) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1014135 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Two Cases of Vaccine-Associated Measles in Daegu, South Korea, 2019
Yu, E. J., Kim, W. D., & Kim, Y. J. (2020) · Pediatric Infection & Vaccine · doi:10.14776/piv.2020.27.e22 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Masern – Warum ist die Impfung notwendig und wie gehe ich mit Impfgegnern um?
Weber, T. (2018) · Aktuelle Neurologie · doi:10.1055/a-0681-9696
Shamsutdinova, O. A., Карал-оглы, Д. Д., & Лаврентьева, И. Н. (2022) · Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology · doi:10.36233/0372-9311-238
Wang, S., Fang, X., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Xiong, P., Xu, Q. Y., Zhang, L., Chen, M., Tao, Z., & Xu, A. (2025) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-025-12277-4
The Role of Vaccination in Adult Solid Organ Transplantation: Updated Reviews with Recent Guidelines
Mour, G. K., Paudel, S. D., Modi, P., Goswami, U., Shubeilat, J. L., Ptak, L., & Parajuli, S. (2026) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms14010194
Two vaccine-associated measles cases: Transmission or coincidental cases?
Hernández‐Aceituno, A., Curbelo, D. S., García, I. F., Lana, Á. T., Melián, R. A. M., & Larumbe‐Zabala, E. (2026) · Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica · doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2025.503071
Impfungen bei immunsupprimierten Patienten
Hilgendorf, I. (2025) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46764-0_309-1
Altez, M. S. R., Hutto, C., Hobby-Noland, D., & Song, X. (2026) · Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · doi:10.1093/jpids/piag091
- Authors
- Greenwood, K. P., Hafiz, R., Ware, R. S., & Lambert, S. B.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SA)
- Queensland Health (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Lambert, Stephen B.
- Venue
- Vaccine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-05
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 2531-2536
- ISSN
- 0264-410X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2336309999
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 0.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Vaccine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Keywords
- measles vaccine virus, live attenuated measles vaccine, human-to-human transmission, vaccine virus shedding, close contacts, genotyping, measles outbreak, vaccine safety
- MeSH terms
- Genotype, Humans, Measles, Measles Vaccine, Measles virus, Vaccines, Attenuated
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
