Specific Enzymatic Amplification of DNA In Vitro: The Polymerase Chain Reaction
Abstract
The discovery of specific restriction endonucleases (Smith and Wilcox 1970) made possible the isolation of discrete molecular fragments of naturally occurring DNA for the first time. This capability was crucial to the development of molecular cloning (Cohen et al. 1973); and the combination of molecular cloning and endonuclease restriction allowed the synthesis and isolation of any naturally occurring DNA sequence that could be cloned into a useful vector and, on the basis of flanking restriction sites, excised from it. The availability of a large variety of restriction enzymes (Roberts 1985) has significantly extended the utility of these methods.
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Exploration of the hot springs at Yellowstone led to the discovery of the Taq DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus, which was subsequently used to develop the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.
“Exploration of the hot springs at Yellowstone led to the discovery of the Taq DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus (Freeze and Brock, 1970; Gelfand et al., 1989; Brock, 1997), which was subsequently used to develop the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique (Mullis et al., 1986).”
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- Authors
- Mullis, K., Faloona, F., Scharf, S., Saiki, R., Horn, G., & Erlich, H.
- Venue
- Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 1986-01-01
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 0
- Pages
- 263-273
- ISSN
- 0091-7451 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-4456
- OpenAlex
- W2148312059
- Cited by
- 3,558
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 65 · 2025: 98 · 2024: 107 · 2023: 123 · 2022: 135 · 2021: 125 · 2020: 136 · 2019: 116 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 100 · 2016: 101 · 2015: 109 · 2014: 124 · 2013: 138 · 2012: 130
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Keywords
- PCR, DNA amplification, restriction enzymes, gene cloning, restriction sites, DNA sequencing, in vitro DNA synthesis
- MeSH terms
- Alleles, Base Sequence, Cell Line, Cloning, Molecular, DNA, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase, Genes, Humans, Templates, Genetic
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