Leishmania infantum in a Central Italy dog shelter: Retrospective study of serologic reactivity during a 4-year period in a confined dog population subjected to preventive and therapeutic treatment
Abstract
Leishmaniasis from Leishmania infantum is a parasitary zoonotic disease and a serious problem to public health. Guidelines from Italian Health Authority (Istituto Superiore di Sanità) suggest to control the zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis canine reservoir in endemic areas using an association of preventive and therapeutic tools. Moreover, in literature there are no studies about the long term effects on the disease seroprevalence and incidence in relation to this "holistic" approach. Past research has considered the effects of the alternative employment of preventive or therapeutic treatment, usually for limited periods. In this retrospective study the patterns of seroprevalence and incidence of leishmaniasis in a dog shelter sited in an endemic area of Central Italy are described throughout a 4-year period. Both preventive spot-on tools (imidacloprid/permetrin) and therapeutic protocols based on antimonials and allopurinol were administered. The results showed a progressive reduction of prevalence and incidence of serological reactivity to L. infantum, corroborating the effectiveness of the treatment administered to the animals. Significant improvements from the beginning to the end of the 4-year period were reported, considering both prevalence and incidence. A very low rate of relapses (8% in a pool of 67 subjects positive since 2004; 10.2% among all subjects enrolled in the study) was achieved.
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In central Italy, the prevalence of L. infantum was higher (29.6%) than that indicated in previous surveys (up to 10%).
“In this macroarea, the prevalence of L. infantum was higher (29.6%) of that indicated in previous surveys (up to 10%) [32, 33].”
From Leishmania infantum and Dirofilaria immitis infections in Italy, 2009–2019: Changing distribution patterns (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
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- Authors
- Podaliri Vulpiani, M., Iannetti, L., Di Mattia, T., & Dalla Villa, P.
- Affiliations
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Iannetti, Luigi
- ORCID
- Iannetti, Luigi
- Venue
- Veterinary Parasitology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 160
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 190-197
- ISSN
- 0304-4017 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2052274478
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Veterinary Parasitology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Keywords
- Leishmania infantum, canine visceral leishmaniasis, seroprevalence, serological reactivity, dog shelters, antimonial drugs, allopurinol, relapse, long-term treatment outcomes, zoonoses
- MeSH terms
- Neonicotinoids, Allopurinol, Animals, Antibodies, Protozoan, Antiprotozoal Agents, Disease Reservoirs, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Female, Imidazoles, Italy, Leishmaniasis, Visceral, Male, Nitro Compounds, Retrospective Studies, Incidence, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Leishmania infantum, Endemic Diseases, Permethrin, Secondary Prevention
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