Emerging trends in the seroprevalence of canine leishmaniosis in the Madrid region (central Spain)

Gálvez, R.; Miró, G.; Descalzo, M.A.; Nieto, J.; Dado, D.; Martín, O.; Cubero, E.; Molina, R.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.11.025

Cited by 113Research on Leishmaniasis StudiesBrucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatmentVector-borne infectious diseases

Emerging trends in the seroprevalence of canine leishmaniosis in the Madrid region (central Spain)

Gálvez, R., Miró, G., Descalzo, M.A., Nieto, J., Dado, D., Martín, O., Cubero, E., Molina, R.·2010·Veterinary Parasitology

DOI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.11.025

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Abstract

This report describes a cross-sectional serological survey of the epidemiology of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) performed in 2006 and 2007 in the Madrid region (central Spain) where the disease is endemic. The work presented here is one of the several studies conducted in different Spanish regions under the Integrated Project of the European Commission entitled Emerging Diseases in a changing European eNvironment (EDEN). The aim of this project is to identify and catalogue European ecosystems and environmental conditions that determine the spatial and temporal distributions and dynamics of several pathogenic agents including Leishmania infantum (EDEN-LEI). The study area (Madrid Autonomous Region) was selected on the grounds of its wide altitude range. This area was surveyed from NE to SW across its mountain range (Sistema Central) and plateau area. One thousand and seventy-six dogs from 32 villages were examined for clinical signs of CanL, and serum samples were obtained to determine several haematological and biochemical variables. Leishmaniasis-specific antibodies were identified using an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). 87 of the 1076 dogs were seropositive for the protozoan (IFAT: cut-off>or=1/80) indicating a seroprevalence of 8.1% (0-16.1% depending on the village). On the basis of a physical examination and the biochemical/haematological status of each dog, 32 of the 87 infected dogs were described as clinically healthy (37%). Seroprevalence showed a peak in young dogs (1-2 years) and a second larger peak among the older dogs (7-8 years). Factors correlated with a higher infection risk were age (OR=1.15 [95% CI: 1.07-1.22]), weight (OR=1.10 [95% CI: 1.04-1.16]), and living outdoors as opposed to in a home (OR=3.38 [95% CI: 1.42-8.05]). According to data from studies performed in 1992 in the same area, the seroprevalence of CanL has increased 1.54-fold [95% CI: 1.04-2.29]. Given that this increasing trend cannot be attributed to differences in the sociodemographic characteristics of the dog populations, it is proposed that environmental changes could have had an impact on vector and reservoir densities and their geographical distributions. Further studies designed to explain this trend should attempt to correlate sand fly densities and CanL seroprevalences with climate, land use and human changes.

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The finding that Li or Ec positivity correlated with clinical signs is consistent with reports indicating that clinical signs are commonly observed in dogs infected with L. infantum and E. canis.
“This finding is consistent with reports indicating that clinical signs are commonly observed in dogs infected with L. infantum and E. canis[14,16,64,65].”
From Seropositivity rates for agents of canine vector-borne diseases in Spain: A multicentre study (2013) · cites this paper as [65]
Our Li seropositivity map is similar to those emerging from other Spanish surveys.
“Our Li seropositivity map is similar to those emerging from other Spanish surveys [65,87,88].”
From Seropositivity rates for agents of canine vector-borne diseases in Spain: A multicentre study (2013) · cites this paper as [65]
The explanation for the higher Li seropositivity in outdoor dogs could lie in the increased exposure of dogs that spend more time outdoors to phlebotomines.
“The explanation for this could lie in the increased exposure of dogs that spend more time outdoors to phlebotomines [65,88,91].”
From Seropositivity rates for agents of canine vector-borne diseases in Spain: A multicentre study (2013) · cites this paper as [65]
In the traditionally endemic areas, L. infantum prevalences remain high.
“Here, taking as reference studies of several areas or provinces (9, 13, 46–49), the prevalences remain high”
From Current Distribution of Selected Vector-Borne Diseases in Dogs in Spain (2020) · cites this paper as [47]

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Authors: Gálvez, R., Miró, G., Descalzo, M. A., Nieto, J., Dado, D., Martín, O., Cubero, E., & Molina, R.
Affiliations: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
Corresponding author: Molina, R.
ORCID: Gálvez, R.
Miró, G.
Nieto, J.
Molina, R.
Venue: Veterinary Parasitology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-05
Volume: 169
Issue: 3-4
Pages: 327-334
ISSN: 0304-4017 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.11.025
OpenAlex: W2006045262
Cited by: 109
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 6.69
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Veterinary Parasitology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Vector-borne infectious diseases
Keywords: canine leishmaniasis, seroprevalence, Leishmania infantum, dogs, Comunidad de Madrid, emerging infectious diseases, environmental change, risk factors, age and infection risk, outdoor living, hematological and biochemical parameters, clinical signs, zoonoses, Eden Project, indirect immunofluorescence antibody test, serological survey
MeSH terms: Animals, Demography, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Female, Leishmaniasis, Male, Risk Factors, Spain, Seroepidemiologic Studies

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Emerging trends in the seroprevalence of canine leishmaniosis in the Madrid region (central Spain)

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