Circulation of Dirofilaria repens, Setaria tundra, and Onchocercidae species in Hungary during the period 2011–2013
Abstract
Dirofilaria repens and recently Dirofilaria immitis are known to be endemic in Hungary. Since there is no related research on Dirofilaria carrier mosquito species from Hungary, we conducted a three-year mosquito surveillance study between 2011 and 2013. During the study period we examined 23,139 female mosquitoes with a generic filaria-specific TaqMan PCR assay, and characterized them by sequencing a 500 bp segment of 12S rRNA. An important result of our study was the detection of Setaria tundra and D. repens along with an unidentified Onchocercidae nematode. D. repens is known to be endemic in Hungary, however, the detection of S. tundra in all sampling sites throughout the study period indicates for the first time the endemicity of this parasite in Hungary. The Onchocercidae sp. nematode showed 95% nucleotide identity with previously detected unidentified nematodes from Germany, indicating a broader geographical distribution of this nematode in Europe. D. immitis specific DNA was not detected among the screened mosquitoes in this study. Here we report 11 mosquito species as potential vector organisms for local filarial infections, including Aedes vexans, Ochlerotatus annulipes, Ochlerotatus sticticus, Coquillettidia richiardii, Anopheles hyrcanus and Ochlerotatus rusticus. Dirofilaria development unit was calculated and the potential transmission period was estimated, which ranged between 65 and 113 days between sampling seasons. A relatively high infection rate (36.8%) was identified, which is a notable finding for veterinary and human health professionals. Moreover, the results of our study widen the group of possible mosquito vector species for D. repens and S. tundra in Central Europe.
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Previous studies have reported detection of unknown species of filarioid nematodes in mosquitoes collected in Hungary and Germany.
“Previous studies have already reported the detection of unknown species of filarioid nematodes in mosquitoes collected in Hungary (Kemenesi et al., 2015), Germany (Czajka et al., 2012)”
From Culex pipiens as a potential vector for transmission of Dirofilaria immitis and other unclassified Filarioidea in Southwest Spain (2016) · cites this paper as Kemenesi et al., 2015
The present data show for the first time the presence of Dirofilaria spp. DNA in Oc. caspius and Cx. pipiens s.l. in France.
“the present data show for the first time the presence of Dirofilaria spp. DNA in Oc. caspius and Cx. pipiens s.l. in France, as reported in previous European studies [5–22].”
From Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in mosquitoes from Corsica Island, France (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
Previous molecular xenomonitoring studies revealed the presence of at least three filarioid nematodes (D. immitis, D. repens and Setaria tundra) in several mosquito species in Europe.
“Previous molecular xenomonitoring studies revealed the presence of at least three filarioid nematodes (i.e., D. immitis, D. repens and Setaria tundra) in several mosquito species in Europe, mostly belonging to the genera Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Culex, Culiseta and Ochlerotatus [5–22].”
From Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in mosquitoes from Corsica Island, France (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
The same results with Ae. vexans being the most frequent species were also reported from the Czech Republic and Hungary.
“The same results with Ae. vexans being the most frequent species, were also reported from two other surrounding countries: the Czech Republic and Hungary [33, 34].”
From Urbanization impact on mosquito community and the transmission potential of filarial infection in central Europe (2018) · cites this paper as [34]
Ae. vexans plays a key role in the spread of Dirofilaria spp.
“This most abundant and one of the frequently infected species in Europe (Italy, Germany, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Serbia, Romania) plays a key role in the spread of Dirofilaria spp. [34, 49–53].”
From Urbanization impact on mosquito community and the transmission potential of filarial infection in central Europe (2018) · cites this paper as [34]
A significant cluster of microfilaremic dogs was found in the southern part of Hungary, where D. repens was the most frequent filarioid parasite in mosquito samples.
“A significant cluster of microfilaremic dogs were found in the southern part of the country [120], where D. repens was the most frequent filarioid parasite in mosquito samples”
From Dirofilaria spp. and Angiostrongylus vasorum: current risk of spreading in Central and Northern Europe. (2021) · cites this paper as [121]
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References 39 · Cited by 40
- Authors
- Kemenesi, G., Kurucz, K., Kepner, A., Dallos, B., Oldal, M., Herczeg, R., Vajdovics, P., Bányai, K., & Jakab, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Pecs (HU)
- Magyar Agrár- és Élettudományi Egyetem (HU)
- Corresponding author
- Jakab, Ferenc
- Venue
- Veterinary Parasitology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 214
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 108-113
- ISSN
- 0304-4017 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1705936791
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 3.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Veterinary Parasitology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- European Social Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control
- Keywords
- Dirofilaria repens, Onchocercidae, filarial nematodes, mosquito vectors, filarial infection in mosquitoes, Dirofilaria immitis, Aedes vexans, Ochlerotatus, Coquillettidia richardii, Anopheles hyrcanus, infection rate, Hungary, Central Europe
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Female, Humans, Hungary, Insect Vectors, Culicidae, Nematoda, Phylogeny, Time Factors, Dirofilaria repens
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