The DOI matches its Crossref record; 165 of the 166 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The role of hypothalamic estrogen receptors in metabolic regulation
Open accessAbstract
Estrogens regulate key features of metabolism, including food intake, body weight, energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, leptin sensitivity, and body fat distribution. There are two 'classical' estrogen receptors (ERs): estrogen receptor alpha (ERS1) and estrogen receptor beta (ERS2). Human and murine data indicate ERS1 contributes to metabolic regulation more so than ESR2. For example, there are human inactivating mutations of ERS1 which recapitulate aspects of the metabolic syndrome in both men and women. Much of our understanding of the metabolic roles of ERS1 was initially uncovered in estrogen receptor α-null mice (ERS1(-/-)); these mice display aspects of the metabolic syndrome, including increased body weight, increased visceral fat deposition and dysregulated glucose intolerance. Recent data further implicate ERS1 in specific tissues and neuronal populations as being critical for regulating food intake, energy expenditure, body fat distribution and adipose tissue function. This review will focus predominantly on the role of hypothalamic ERs and their critical role in regulating all aspects of energy homeostasis and metabolism.
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“Robust evidence exists that demonstrates the important roles estrogen and progesterone have in regulating substrate metabolism [20,24,66,70,80,82,84,154–159].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [66]
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“Estrogen actions in hypothalamic nuclei differentially control food intake, energy expenditure, and white adipose tissue distribution [22,66,67].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [66]
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“Estrogen actions in pancreatic islet β-cells also regulate insulin secretion, nutrient homeostasis, and survival [66,69,70].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [66]
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“Estrogen, specifically 17β-estradiol, promotes lipolysis and increases fatty acid availability while decreasing the rate of gluconeogenesis with muscle and liver glycogen sparing.”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [66]
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Citations
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“Meanwhile, it also attenuates the ovariectomy-induced increase in neuropeptide Y, thereby reducing the central orexigenic or appetite-stimulating action and causing decreased food intake and weight gain (44,45) .”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Frank, A., Brown, L. M., & Clegg, D. J.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Clegg, Deborah J.
- ORCID
- Clegg, Deborah J.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-10
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 550-557
- ISSN
- 0091-3022 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4174989
- OpenAlex
- W2048117553
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 166
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 1.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (DK 073689)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- hypothalamus, estrogen receptor, estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, metabolic regulation, energy homeostasis, dietary intake, energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, leptin sensitivity, body fat distribution, visceral fat, impaired glucose tolerance, metabolic syndrome, adipose tissue function
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Body Weight, Energy Metabolism, Estrogens, Humans, Hypothalamus, Receptors, Estrogen, Leptin
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