Mollusc gonadotropin-releasing hormone directly regulates gonadal functions: A primitive endocrine system controlling reproduction
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is central to the control of vertebrate reproductive cycles and since GnRH orthologs are also present in invertebrates, it is likely that the common ancestor of bilateral animals possessed a GnRH-like peptide. In order to understand the evolutionary and comparative biology of GnRH peptides we cloned the cDNA transcripts of prepro GnRH-like peptides from two species of bivalve molluscs, the Yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis and the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. We compared their deduced uncleaved and mature amino acid sequences with those from other invertebrates and vertebrates, and determined their sites of expression and biological activity. The two molluscan GnRH sequences increased the number of known protostome GnRHs to six different forms, indicating the current classification of protostome GnRHs requires further revision. In both molluscs, RT-PCR analysis showed that the genes were highly expressed in nervous tissue with lower levels present in peripheral tissues including the gonads, while immunocytochemistry, using anti-octopus GnRH-like peptide, demonstrated the presence of GnRH-like peptide in neural tissue. Putative scallop GnRH-like peptide stimulated spermatogonial cell division in cultured scallop testis, but the scallop GnRH-like peptide did not stimulate LH release from cultured quail pituitary cells. This is the first report of the cloning of bivalve GnRH-like peptide genes and of molluscan GnRH-like peptides that are biologically active in molluscs, but not in a vertebrate.
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GnRH-like systems regulate fecundity in Caenorhabditis elegans, gonadal growth in mollusks, and gamete release (spawning) in Ciona.
“On the other hand, GnRH-like systems regulate fecundity in Caenorhabditis elegans (33), gonadal growth in mollusks (34), and gamete release (spawning) in Ciona (35).”
From Corazonin signaling integrates energy homeostasis and lunar phase to regulate aspects of growth and sexual maturation in <i>Platynereis</i> (2020) · cites this paper as [34]
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- Authors
- Treen, N., Itoh, N., Miura, H., Kikuchi, I., Ueda, T., Takahashi, K. G., Ubuka, T., Yamamoto, K., Sharp, P. J., Tsutsui, K., & Osada, M.
- Affiliations
- Tohoku University (JP)
- Waseda University (JP)
- Roslin Institute (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Osada, Makoto
- ORCID
- Venue
- General and Comparative Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-04
- Volume
- 176
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 167-172
- ISSN
- 0016-6480 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1973146503
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 8.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- General and Comparative Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Patinopecten yessoensis, Crassostrea gigas, testis, LH release, reproductive endocrine system
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Gonads, Immunohistochemistry, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Male, Mollusca, Phylogeny, Reproduction, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques, Tissue Culture Techniques
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