Adipokinetic hormone signaling through the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor modulates egg-laying in Caenorhabditis elegans
Open accessAbstract
In mammals, hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a neuropeptide that stimulates the release of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary. The existence of a putative functional equivalent of this reproduction axis in protostomian invertebrates has been a matter of debate. In this study, the ligand for the GnRH receptor in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (Ce-GnRHR) was found using a bioinformatics approach. The peptide and its precursor are reminiscent of both insect adipokinetic hormones and GnRH-preprohormone precursors from tunicates and higher vertebrates. We cloned the AKH-GnRH-like preprohormone and the Ce-GnRHR and expressed the GPCR in HEK293T cells. The GnRHR was activated by the C. elegans AKH-GnRH-like peptide (EC(50) = 150 nM) and by Drosophila AKH and other nematode AKH-GnRHs that we found in EST databases. Analogous to both insect AKH receptor and vertebrate GnRH receptor signaling, Ce-AKH-GnRH activated its receptor through a Galpha(q) protein with Ca(2+) as a second messenger. Gene silencing of Ce-GnRHR, Ce-AKH-GnRH, or both resulted in a delay in the egg-laying process, comparable to a delay in puberty in mammals lacking a normal dose of GnRH peptide or with a mutated GnRH precursor or receptor gene. The present data support the view that the AKH-GnRH signaling system probably arose very early in metazoan evolution and that its role in reproduction might have been developed before the divergence of protostomians and deuterostomians.
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GnRH-like systems regulate fecundity in Caenorhabditis elegans, gonadal growth in mollusks, and gamete release (spawning) in Ciona.
“On the other hand, GnRH-like systems regulate fecundity in Caenorhabditis elegans (33), gonadal growth in mollusks (34), and gamete release (spawning) in Ciona (35).”
From Corazonin signaling integrates energy homeostasis and lunar phase to regulate aspects of growth and sexual maturation in <i>Platynereis</i> (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
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- Authors
- Lindemans, M., Liu, F., Janssen, T., Husson, S. J., Mertens, I., Gäde, G., & Schoofs, L.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Hasselt University (BE)
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2009-02-03
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1642-1647
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2629444
- OpenAlex
- W2081955558
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 18.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Document Server@UHasselt (UHasselt) (submittedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- Open University of Cape Town (University of Cape Town) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- adipokinetic hormone, GnRH receptor, Caenorhabditis elegans, oviposition, GnRH signaling, G protein-coupled receptors, Gαq, preprohormone, puberty
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Cell Line, Cloning, Molecular, Humans, Insect Hormones, Molecular Sequence Data, Oligopeptides, Ovum, Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid, Receptors, LHRH, Signal Transduction, Caenorhabditis elegans, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, DNA Primers, Gene Silencing, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Gene Knockdown Techniques
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