Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like molecule is not an acute reproductive activator in the gastropod, Aplysia californica
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is indispensable for reproductive activation in all vertebrates. Although several GnRH-like molecules have been isolated from non-chordates, the function of GnRH in these taxa remains unclear. We previously isolated the full-length cDNA sequence of a prohormone containing a GnRH-like molecule, termed ap-GnRH, from the gastropod mollusk, Aplysia californica. In this study, we characterized the distribution and quantity of ap-GnRH peptide in several central and peripheral tissues of A. californica. Further, we performed in vivo and in vitro studies to explore the function of ap-GnRH in these animals. Immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay using specific antisera against ap-GnRH showed that pedal ganglia contained the highest level of ap-GnRH peptide, followed by cerebral ganglia, abdominal ganglia, and then buccal ganglia. Ovotestis did not contain detectable levels of ap-GnRH peptide. Injection of sexually mature and immature animals with synthetic ap-GnRH over a course of 10-14 days had no effects on ovotestis mass, reproductive tract mass, egg-laying, and penile eversion. ap-GnRH also failed to alter oocyte growth and egg-laying hormone accumulation and secretion. Interestingly, ap-GnRH injection triggered acute behavioral responses including the stimulation of parapodial opening, inhibition of feeding, and promotion of substrate attachment. Our results showed that in A. californica, ap-GnRH could modulate a wide range of behavioral attributes. Most strikingly, ap-GnRH is not involved in the acute activation of reproduction in a fashion similar to vertebrate GnRH.
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GnRH-like peptides affect body mass and feeding in Aplysia, while in Drosophila, both CRZ and AKH regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as feeding and stress response.
“In addition, GnRH-like peptides affect body mass and feeding in Aplysia (36, 37), while in Drosophila, both CRZ and AKH regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism (38–41), as well as feeding (41, 42) and stress response (43, 44).”
From Corazonin signaling integrates energy homeostasis and lunar phase to regulate aspects of growth and sexual maturation in <i>Platynereis</i> (2020) · cites this paper as [36]
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- Authors
- Tsai, P.-S., Sun, B., Rochester, J. R., & Wayne, N. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Venue
- General and Comparative Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 166
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 280-288
- ISSN
- 0016-6480 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1977872165
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- General and Comparative Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Aplysia californica, gastropod reproduction, ovotestis, pedal ganglia, egg-laying behavior, feeding inhibition, substrate adhesion
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Aplysia, Behavior, Animal, Gonads, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Reproduction, Ganglia, Invertebrate
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