Maternal postpartum learned helplessness (LH) affects maternal care by dams and responses to the LH test in adolescent offspring
Open accessAbstract
It is known that the early environment affects the mental development of rodent and human offspring. However, it is not known specifically whether a postpartum depressive state influences the depressive state in offspring. Using learned helplessness (LH) in rats as an animal model of depression, we examined the influence of maternal postpartum LH on responses to the LH test of offspring. Dam rats were judged as LH or non-helpless (nLH) on postnatal days (PN) 2-3, and maternal behavior was recorded during PN2-14. On PN 45-46, offspring were subjected to the LH test. Plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels, hippocampal levels of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA were measured before and after the LH test in offspring. Active nursing in LH dams was significantly lower than that in nLH dams. Susceptibility to LH in the offspring of LH dams was significantly higher than in those of nLH dams, and was negatively correlated with active nursing by LH dams. The GR mRNA levels before and after the LH test were lower in the offspring of LH dams than in those of nLH dams, and the reduced basal GR mRNA and protein might have resulted in the higher CORT response after the LH test. There was no significant difference in BDNF mRNA in the offspring of LH and nLH dams. These findings suggest that early postpartum LH decreased active nursing and increased depression-like behavior in the adolescent offspring via dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ad…
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Adult offspring from low LG mothers had less hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor and protein expression, lower plasma ACTH and impaired corticosterone responses to acute stress, and were more vulnerable to learned helplessness, compared with animals raised by high LG mothers.
“When compared to animals raised by high LG mothers, the adult offspring from low LG mothers had less hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and protein expression, lower plasma pituitary adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and impaired corticosterone responses to acute stress,71,74,75 and was more vulnerable to show learned helplessness to environmental stress.76”
From Epigenetic regulation in major depression and other stress-related disorders: molecular mechanisms, clinical relevance and therapeutic potential (2023) · cites this paper as [76]
Offspring of Low LG mothers show increased vulnerability for stress-induced learned helplessness.
“The offspring of Low LG mothers also show increased vulnerability for stress-induced learned helplessness.75”
From Early life adversity and the epigenetic programming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function (2014) · cites this paper as [75]
Variations in pup LG over the first week of postnatal life affect the development of behavioral and HPA responses to stress in adulthood.
“We and other labs find that variations in pup LG over the first week of postnatal life rat affect the development of behavioral and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses to stress in adulthood.66-75”
From Early life adversity and the epigenetic programming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function (2014) · cites this paper as [75]
As adults, offspring of High LG mothers show more modest plasma ACTH and corticosterone responses to acute stress compared with animals reared by Low LG mothers.
“As adults, the offspring of High LG mothers show more modest plasma ACTH and corticosterone responses to acute stress by comparison to animals reared by Low LG mothers.66,70,71,74,75”
From Early life adversity and the epigenetic programming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function (2014) · cites this paper as [75]
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“76 In the hippocampus of adult rats with low maternal care, the transcription factor nerve growth factor-inducible factor A (NGFI-A) binding region of the GR promoter 1 7 gene is hypermethylated, but in those with high maternal care, it is hypomethylated.”
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- Authors
- Kurata, A., Morinobu, S., Fuchikami, M., Yamamoto, S., & Yamawaki, S.
- Affiliations
- Hiroshima University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Yamawaki, Shigeto
- Venue
- Hormones and Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 112-120
- ISSN
- 0018-506X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2077210809
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Hormones and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Hiroshima University Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Hiroshima University Acedemic Information Repository (Hiroshima University) (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Japan Science and Technology Agency
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- learned helplessness, postpartum depression, maternal behavior, nursing behavior, adolescent offspring, depression-like behavior, glucocorticoid receptor, corticosterone, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, early life environment, rat model of depression
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anxiety, Body Weight, Breast Feeding, Corticosterone, Depression, Exploratory Behavior, Female, Helplessness, Learned, Hippocampus, Male, Maternal Behavior, Motor Activity, Random Allocation, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, RNA, Messenger, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Maze Learning, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Postpartum Period, Rats
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