Reduced cell proliferation in the dentate gyrusis not correlated with the development of learned helplessness
Abstract
Background A plethora of indirect findings suggests that mood disorders may be caused by or result in structural changes in the brain, namely decreased hippocampal cell proliferation. Methods To test for these hypotheses, we used a rat model of depression, learned helplessness. Moderate unpredictable and inescapable foot shocks induced learned helplessness only in a portion of the rats. Rats that showed helpless behavior were compared to those behaving normally after inescapable shock. Proliferating cells in the dentate gyrus were labeled with BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine). Results Helpless behavior appeared before the decrease of dentate gyrus cell proliferation was maximal. Cell proliferation was decreased to the same extent in animals that developed helplessness as those that were not helpless. Furthermore, immobilization stress, which reduced the rate of cell proliferation, did not induce learned helplessness. Conclusion These results are in line with reports that the rate of dentate gyrus cell proliferation is acutely down-regulated by stress, but the development of helpless behavior does not correlate with this process. Further studies will have to clarify if during learned helpless behavior neurogenesis is impaired by altered differentiation or survival of cells.
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Acute and chronic stress suppress hippocampal cell proliferation.
“In this study, we demonstrate that acute, and chronic, stress suppress hippocampal cell proliferation, consistent with previous reports (12, 32, 33) and that the antiproliferative effect of stress is blocked by inhibition of IL-1RI.”
From IL-1β is an essential mediator of the antineurogenic and anhedonic effects of stress (2008) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Vollmayr, B., Simonis, C., Weber, S., Gass, P., & Henn, F.
- Affiliations
- Central Institute of Mental Health (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Henn, Fritz
- ORCID
- Gass, Peter
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-11
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1035-1040
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1981957263
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 4.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Institutional Repository (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- learned helplessness, dentate gyrus, hippocampal cell proliferation, neurogenesis, depression, mood disorders, restraint stress, inescapable footshock, BrdU labeling, rat model of depression
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Bromodeoxyuridine, Cell Count, Cell Division, Electroshock, Helplessness, Learned, Immobilization, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Radiation-Sensitizing Agents, Time Factors, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Dentate Gyrus, Rats
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