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Neighbourhood access to open spaces and the physical activity of residents: A national study
Abstract
Objective Increasing population levels of physical activity is high on the health agenda in many countries. There is some evidence that neighbourhood access to public open space can increase physical activity by providing easier and more direct access to opportunities for exercise. This national study examines the relationship between travel time access to parks and beaches, BMI and physical activity in New Zealand neighbourhoods.Methods Access to parks and beaches, measured in minutes taken by a car, was calculated for 38,350 neighbourhoods nationally using Geographic Information Systems. Multilevel regression analyses were used to establish the significance of access to these recreational amenities as a predictor of BMI, and levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the 12,529 participants, living in 1178 neighbourhoods, of the New Zealand Health Survey 2002/3.Results Neighbourhood access to parks was not associated with BMI, sedentary behaviour or physical activity, after controlling for individual-level socio-economic variables, and neighbourhood-level deprivation and urban/rural status. There was some evidence of a relationship between beach access and BMI and physical activity in the expected direction.Conclusions This study found little evidence of an association between locational access to open spaces and physical activity.
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“Among adults, greater accessibility was generally, although not always, associated with more physical activity.28,337–342”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [342]
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“Witten et al.(2008)은 공원과 해변의 접근성이 증가할수록 BMI는 감소하고, 신체활동이 증가한다는 것을 규 명하였으며, Lee(2012)는 도시의 물리적 환경과 주민건강의 상 관관계를 분석한 결과, 도로의 연결성이 높고 대중교통 접근성 이 낮을수록 주민의 비만도가 높고, 오픈스페이스에 대한 접근 성은 주민의 건강수준에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타 났다.”
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“As stated by Witten (2008), neighborhood access to public open space can increase physical activity by providing easier and more direct access to opportunities for PA. Notably, there was a significant difference found regarding the place of residency of the elderly.”
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“green space by residents, and Yoshihiro et al. (2010) researched the relationship between pedestrian amenity and public open space in urban greening.”
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“…살 펴보면, 먼저국외의 경우는 공원녹지의 크기, 면적, 개수, 내부 환경 특성, 주거지와의 거리, 접근성 등의 물리적 특성에 대한 조사․분석자료, 그리고 주관적으로 인식하는 공원녹지의 환경 특성 등이 신체활동이나 건강에 미치는 영향에 대한 다양한 연 구(Giles-Corti et al., 2005; Payne et al., 2005; Hillsdon et al., 2006; Cohen et al., 2007; Kaczynski et al., 2008; Sugiyama and Thompson, 2008; Witten et…”
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“While a number of studies have been conducted within New Zealand that look at green space and health (Nutsford et al., 2013; Richardson et al., 2010; Richardson, Pearce, Mitchell, & Kingham, 2013; Witten et al., 2008), there remains gaps that need to be further explored.”
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“There are many studies of public space, from neighbourhood units (Pearce et al., 2007; Pearce et al., 2008a; Santos and Martins, 2007; Witten et al., 2008; Witten et al., 2011) to the national level (Apparicio et al., 2007; Pearce et al., 2008b; Witten et al., 2011) which include a broad range of…”
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“The role of urban green spaces in the practice of sports during adolescence is, however, not clear— some studies showed an association between green spaces and physical and sports activities,(14,15) whereas others did not found any association.(16,17) Contributing to the ongoing discussion about the influence of the u…”
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“Further, a number of earlier research findings have merely discussed the proximity to public space (e.g., Witten et al., 2008; Kaczynski et al., 2013) or provision of walkability-promoting factors (e.g., Floyd et al., 2011), which unveiled the need for more comprehensive understandings of the…”
Topographic conditions and physical activity behaviour of young adults in Austria
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“• Being in the nature is one of the main motives for young adults (18-35) to exercise (Weiß and Russo, 2005).”
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“Witten et al. [78] linked children’s physical activity levels to nearby parks and open spaces.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Witten, K., Hiscock, R., Pearce, J., & Blakely, T.
- Affiliations
- Massey University (NZ)
- University of Canterbury (NZ)
- University of Otago (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Witten, Karen
- Venue
- Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-09
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 299-303
- ISSN
- 0091-7435 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2121162238
- Cited by
- 197
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 7.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Green Space and Health
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- physical activity, body mass index, sedentary behavior, parks, beaches, neighborhood disadvantage, urban-rural differences, New Zealand
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Environment Design, Environmental Health, Female, Humans, Leisure Activities, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, New Zealand, Recreation, Regression Analysis, Residence Characteristics, Health Behavior, Exercise, Geographic Information Systems, Young Adult
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