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Creatine Supplementation Enhances Muscular Performance During High-Intensity Resistance Exercise
Abstract
Objective This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of oral supplementation with creatine monohydrate on muscular performance during repeated sets of high-intensity resistance exercise. Subjects/design Fourteen active men were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to either a creatine group (n = 7) or a placebo group (n = 7). Both groups performed a bench press exercise protocol (5 sets to failure using each subject's predetermined 10-repetition maximum) and a jump squat exercise protocol (5 sets of 10 repetitions using 30% of each subject's 1-repetition maximum squat) on three different occasions (T1, T2, and T3) separated by 6 days. Intervention Before T1, both groups received no supplementation. From T1 to T2, both groups ingested placebo capsules. From T2 to T3, the creatine group ingested 25 g creatine monohydrate per day, and the placebo group ingested an equivalent amount of placebo. Main outcome measures Total repetitions for each set of bench presses and peak power output for each set of jump squats were determined. Other measures included assessment of diet, body mass, skinfold thickness, and preexercise and 5-minute postexercise lactate concentrations. Results Lifting performance was not altered for either exercise protocol after ingestion of the placebos. Creatine supplementation resulted in a significant improvement in peak power output during all 5 sets of jump squats and a significant improvement in repetitions during all 5 sets of bench presses. After creatine supplementation, postexercise lactate concentrations were significantly higher after the bench press but not the jump squat. A significant increase in body mass of 1.4 kg (range = 0.0 to 2.7 kg) was observed after creatine ingestion. Conclusion One week of creatine supplementation (25 g/day) enhances muscular performance during repeated sets of bench press and jump squat exercise.
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“there is some evidence to suggest a marginal benefit for adult athletes who rely on quick, explosive movements.8,51,52”
From Creatine supplementation in the pediatric and adolescent athlete-- A literature review (2023) · cites this paper as [52]
Citations
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Cited by
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Items 201–219 of 219
Chun, J., Babakhani, K., Gonzalez, D. E., Dickerson, B. L., Sowinski, R. J., Rasmussen, C. J., & Kreider, R. B. (2026) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2026.2711032
“Creatine supplementation has been consistently reported to promote a small increase in body mass and greater gains in muscle mass in response to resistance-exercise training [4,8,146,147].”
Ammar, A., Salem, A., Kerkeni, M., Mera, T. A., Baťalík, L., Toral-Noristz, M., Jahrami, H., Tounsi, S., Żmijewski, P., Ghazzawi, H., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/09637486.2026.2625827
“Numerous trials have shown that CR can improve maximal strength, repetition volume, and power output in multi-joint RT exercises such as bench press and squat (Earnest et al. 1995; Rossiter et al. 1996; Volek et al. 1997; Rawson and Volek 2003).”
Walter, F., Schalla, J., Bloch, W., Diel, P. R., Geisler, S., & Isenmann, E. (2026) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-025-00954-2 · Cited by 1
“…supplementation may mechanistically reduce muscle fatigue and improve performance by prolonging the energy contribution of the phosphocreatine system [91–93] and has been shown to be beneficial in enhancing strength, LBM and BMD in other populations, such as younger and older adults [58, 94–98].”
EFFECT OF CREATINE AND SILDENAFIL CITRATE ON THE PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE OF MICE
Fernandes, W. S., Vieira, R. D. P., Ferreira, R., Ferreira, S., Conceição, V. G., Morais, F. V., Araújo, A., de Miranda, P. E., Destefano, P., & Ribeiro, W. (2021) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/1517-869220212702153173
Current Evidence on the Effect of Beetroot Juice During Exercise Efforts
Sun, H., & Kamalden, T. F. T. (2019) · Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat · doi:10.15294/kemas.v15i2.22401
Shin, Y. A., Lee, K. Y., & Hong, S. M. (2017) · International Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.4172/2329-9096.1000431
“8 g/kg/day) improves body composition, enhances lean body mass [5], and affects anabolic hormones that are related to muscle remodelling [6].”
BackgroundCreatine Monohydrate: Daily Blood Pressure Monitoring During the Loading Phase of Supplementation
Kastello, G. M. (2015) · International Journal of Food and Nutritional Science · doi:10.15436/2377-0619.15.018
Conley, N., & Campisi, J. (2015) · Journal of Student Research · doi:10.47611/jsr.v4i1.179
Ergogenic Aids: Creatine Supplementation as a Popular Ergogenic Aid in Young Adults
O'Brien, M. J. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444345100.ch106
Stout, J. R., Smith‐Ryan, A. E., Lockwood, C., & Tobkin, S. E. (2009) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420068160.ch9
Therapie hereditärer degenerativer Myopathien
Baumeister, S., & Walter, M. (2009) · doi:10.1055/s-0028-1090267
Pasquale, M. D. D. (2007) · Nutrition in exercise and sport · doi:10.1201/9781420043815.ch7
Dias, A. D. C., Fazolo, E., Morgado, J. J. M., Brasileiro, E., Pimentel, P. A., & Dantas, E. (2003) · Fitness & Performance Journal · doi:10.3900/fpj.2.5.270.s
“DISCUSIÓN La MCT en el presente estudio aumentó 1,16 kg en el grupo suplementado con Cr. Las investigaciones presentadas por Volek (1997) y Warber (2002) realizando la ingestión diaria de Cr con 25 y 24 gramos, respectivamente, durante cinco días consecutivos, el aumento en la MCT fue de 1,4 kg.…”
BackgroundEffects of creatine ingestion on body composition and on the supine exercise performance
Dias, A. D. C., Fazolo, E., Morgado, J. J. M., Brasileiro, E., Pimentel, P. A., & Dantas, E. (2003) · Fitness & Performance Journal · doi:10.3900/fpj.2.5.270.e
Effects of creatine availability on skeletal muscle metabolism
Tomcik, K. (2016) · doi:10.4226/66/5a9dbb3733622
“Furthermore, Volek et al. (1997) showed that supplementation of 25 g·d -1 of creatine, administered in conjunction with a traditional resistance training program over several weeks significantly increased strength in squat and bench press maximum exercises (Volek et al. 1997).”
BackgroundInfluentialCollins, B. C., Sapp, R., Lamanca, J., Wolff, C. A., Miranda, E. R., Gutierrez, V., & Mazzetti, S. (2012) · Journal of Nutritional Therapeutics · doi:10.6000/1929-5634.2012.01.02.5
“between intense contractions, which might further increase exercise performance [7, 9-12].”
BackgroundSports Applications of Creatine
Kreider, R. B. (2009) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-302-8_20
Metadata
- Authors
- VOLEK, J. S., KRAEMER, W. J., BUSH, J. A., BOETES, M., INCLEDON, T., CLARK, K. L., & LYNCH, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of the American Dietetic Association
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-07
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 765-770
- ISSN
- 0002-8223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1995489858
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 4.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Dietetic Association (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Biochemical effects in animals
- Keywords
- creatine monohydrate, creatine supplementation, muscle performance, high-intensity resistance training, bench press, jump squat, peak power, weight gain
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Composition, Creatine, Diet, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Male, Placebos, Weight Lifting, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Lactic Acid
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