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A prospective study of cigarette smoking and the incidence of diabetes mellitus among us male physicians
Abstract
Purpose To determine the association between cigarette smoking and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Subjects and methods We studied 21,068 US male physicians aged 40 to 84 years in the Physicians' Health Study who were initially free of diagnosed diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Information about cigarette smoking and other risk indicators was obtained at baseline. The primary outcome was reported diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Results During 255,830 person-years of follow-up, 770 new cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus were identified. Smokers had a dose-dependent increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus: compared with never smokers, the age-adjusted relative risk was 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7 to 2.6) for current smokers of > or = 20 cigarettes per day, 1.4 (95% CI: 1.0 to 2.0) for current smokers of <20 cigarettes per day, and 1.2 (95% CI: 1.0 to 1.4) for past smokers. After multivariate adjustment for body mass index, physical activity, and other risk factors, the relative risks were 1.7 (95% CI: 1.3 to 2.3) for current smokers of > or = 20 cigarettes per day, 1.5 (95% CI: 1.0 to 2.2) for current smokers of <20 cigarettes per day, and 1.1 (95% CI: 1.0 to 1.4) for past smokers. Total pack-years of cigarette smoking was also associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (P for trend <0.001).Conclusions These prospective data support the hypothesis that cigarette smoking is an independent and modifiable determinant of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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“Recent cohort studies suggest that smoking also may be an independent and modifiable risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Manson, J. E., Ajani, U. A., Liu, S., Nathan, D. M., & Hennekens, C. H.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Manson, JoAnn E
- Venue
- The American Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-11
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 538-542
- ISSN
- 0002-9343 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2039234719
- Cited by
- 245
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 4.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The American Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA040360, CA 40360)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 36798, R01DK036798)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- cigarette smoking, type 2 diabetes, diabetes incidence, male physicians, pack-years, modifiable risk factors, Physicians' Health Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Physicians, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk, Risk Factors, Smoking, United States, Incidence, Prevalence
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