Biomechanical assessment of quiet standing and changes associated with aging
Abstract
The kinematics of standing balance were analyzed in 24 normal subjects, aged 21 to 78 years, to examine differences attributable to age, visual input, and sex. Movements of individual body segments, displacement of the center of gravity (COG), and position of the center of pressure (COP) were measured, and total path length and variability about the mean position were derived from the resulting values. Aging was associated with an increase in variability of the COG, head, and hip, but not in path length. The changes, which may be clinically interpreted as excess postural sway, do not show stability deficits as a consequence of aging. On the contrary, older subjects seem to adopt a postural control strategy that achieves comparable stability during quiet standing. Eye closure increased the anterior-posterior COP path length without corresponding changes in the COG, indicating an increase in small accelerations without associated instability. There was more medial-lateral movement in women than in men. Quantitative electromyographic measures showed that, in general, quiet standing requires very little muscular activity. We conclude that the task of quiet standing produces no evidence of postural instability concurrent with aging. The altered postural control strategy may be less effective when balance is suddenly or severely compromised.
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Asymmetry does not necessarily imply decreased postural control and higher risks of falls.
“In other words, asymmetry does not necessarily imply decreased postural control and higher risks of falls.73,74”
From The Effectiveness of the Bobath Concept in Stroke Rehabilitation: What is the Evidence? (2009) · cites this paper as [74]
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- Authors
- Panzer, V. P., Bandinelli, S., & Hallett, M.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hallett, Mark
- ORCID
- Hallett, Mark
- Venue
- Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-02
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 151-157
- ISSN
- 0003-9993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1985850859
- Semantic Scholar
- 5f2ba017d66b8698c2e0b9bd9d39ca982a1c78d9
- Cited by
- 212
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 16.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Keywords
- quiet standing, aging, postural control, postural sway, center of pressure, center of gravity, visual input, sex differences, electromyography, postural stability
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aging, Biomechanical Phenomena, Electromyography, Postural Balance, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Posture, Muscle, Skeletal
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