The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ultraflexible vesicles, Transfersomes, have an extremely low pore penetration resistance and transport therapeutic amounts of insulin across the intact mammalian skin
Open accessAbstract
New vehicles for the non-invasive delivery of agents are introduced. These carriers can transport pharmacological agents, including large polypeptides, through the permeability barriers, such as the intact skin. This capability depends on the self-regulating carrier deformability which exceeds that of the related but not optimized lipid aggregates by several orders of magnitude. Conventional lipid suspensions, such as standard liposomes or mixed lipid micelles, do not mediate a systemic biological effect upon epicutaneous applications. In contrast to this, the properly devised adaptable carriers, when administered on the intact skin, transport therapeutic amounts of biogenic molecules into the body. This process can be nearly as efficient as an injection needle, as seen from the results of experiments in mice and humans with the insulin-carrying vesicles. The carrier-mediated transcutaneous insulin delivery is unlikely to involve shunts, lesions or other types of skin damage. Rather than this, insulin is inferred to be transported into the body between the intact skin cells with a bio-efficiency of at least 50% of the s.c. dose action.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Elastic Properties of Lipid Bilayers: Theory and Possible Experiments
Helfrich, W. (1973) · Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C · doi:10.1515/znc-1973-11-1209 · Cited by 6,141
Vesicles of variable sizes produced by a rapid extrusion procedure
Mayer, L. D., Hope, M. J., & Cullis, P. R. (1986) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/0005-2736(86)90302-0 · Cited by 1,691
Potts, R. O., & Guy, R. H. (1992) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1015810312465 · Cited by 1,570
Lipowsky, R. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/349475a0 · Cited by 978
Cevc, G., & Blume, G. (1992) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/0005-2736(92)90154-e · Cited by 850
Self-citationLiposomes and niosomes as topical drug carriers: dermal and transdermal drug delivery
Schreier, H., & Bouwstra, J. (1994) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/0168-3659(94)90039-6 · Cited by 532
A New Approach to the Oral Administration of Insulin and Other Peptide Drugs
Saffran, M., Kumar, G. S., Savariar, C., Burnham, J. C., Williams, F., & Neckers, D. C. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3526553 · Cited by 469
Curvature instability in membranes
Leibler, S. (1986) · Journal de physique · doi:10.1051/jphys:01986004703050700 · Cited by 319
Needham, D., & Evans, E. (1988) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00421a041 · Cited by 307
Cevc, G., Schätzlein, A., & Blume, G. (1995) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/0168-3659(95)00056-e · Cited by 271
Self-citation
Cited by
El Zaafarany, G. M., Awad, G. A. S., Holayel, S. M., & Mortada, N. D. (2010) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.06.034 · Cited by 485
Cevc, G., & Blume, G. (2001) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/s0005-2736(01)00369-8 · Cited by 406
Self-citationVesicles as a tool for transdermal and dermal delivery
Honeywell-Nguyen, P. L., & Bouwstra, J. A. (2005) · Drug Discovery Today: Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.ddtec.2005.05.003 · Cited by 365
Lien, S., & Lowman, H. B. (2003) · Trends in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2003.10.005 · Cited by 209
Nanocosmetics and Nanomedicines
(2011) · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-19792-5 · Cited by 116
Metadata
- Authors
- Cevc, G., Gebauer, D., Stieber, J., Schätzlein, A., & Blume, G.
- Venue
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-01
- Volume
- 1368
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 201-215
- ISSN
- 0005-2736 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2133396078
- Cited by
- 478
- References
- 25
- FWCI
- 6.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Ultraflexible vesicles, Transfersomes, have an extremely low pore penetration resistance and transport therapeutic amounts of insulin across the intact mammalian skin. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0005-2736(97)00177-6
- The paper
- Cevc, G., Gebauer, D., Stieber, J., Schätzlein, A., & Blume, G. (1998). Ultraflexible vesicles, Transfersomes, have an extremely low pore penetration resistance and transport therapeutic amounts of insulin across the intact mammalian skin. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-2736(97)00177-6
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
