Cited by 481Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMindfulness and Compassion InterventionsPsychotherapy Techniques and Applications

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Emotional processing, three modes of mind and the prevention of relapse in depression

Teasdale, John D.·1999·Behaviour Research and Therapy

DOI 10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00050-9

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Rachman's (1980) analysis [Rachman, S. (1980). Emotional processing. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 18, 51-60] of emotional processing is extended and applied to the prevention of relapse and recurrence in depression. It is proposed that effective emotional processing leads to changes in the ability of triggering cues to reactivate depressogenic processing cycles at times of potential relapse. Available evidence supports the usefulness of the probe methodology of the emotional processing framework as a way to investigate processes mediating relapse prevention by cognitive therapy. It is proposed that effective emotional processing involves creation of modified affect-related schematic mental models and that this occurs most effectively only within certain processing configurations or modes of mind. Within the Interacting Cognitive Subsystems (ICS) framework, three modes of processing emotional material can be distinguished: 'mindless emoting'; 'conceptualising/doing' and 'mindful experiencing/being'. Only the last of these facilitates emotional processing; the second may prevent effective emotional processing and perpetuate depression by ruminative, conceptually dominated processing. This analysis suggests a further strategy to prevent relapse, in addition to modifying depressogenic schematic models, by teaching recovered depressed patients skills to switch processing modes by intentional redeployment of attention. Results of a recent trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy support the effectiveness of this novel alternative strategy.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00050-9

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Sorted by citations

Items 401–481 of 481

Anxiety
Ouimet, A. J., & Ashbaugh, A. R. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49206-3_15 · Cited by 1
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Meditation as an Intervention for Well-Being in the New Normal of COVID-19: A Review
Veetil, A. K. V., & Pradhan, S. (2022) · Springer proceedings in business and economics · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-4892-3_14 · Cited by 1
The effect of rumination on social problem-solving and autobiographical memory retrieval in depression : a cross-cultural perspective
Kao, C. (2007) · St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository) · Cited by 1
Pathways to innovation in addiction practice
Kavanagh, D. J., & Miller, P. M. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008044927-2/50071-7 · Cited by 1
Mindfulness in Individuals at Risk for Depression: The Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies
Williams, C. L. (2016) · KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas) · Cited by 1
An Investigation of the Relation between Mindfulness and Self-Esteem Stability
Ford, C. G. (2019) · The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) · doi:10.33915/etd.4097 · Cited by 1
“objective reality or reflections of the self (Teasdale, 1999; Teasdale et al., 2000).”
Background
The Relationship Between Trait Mindfulness and Servant Leadership
Parmar, H. (2021) · San José State University ScholarWorks (San Jose State University) · doi:10.31979/etd.ac9u-2p4n · Cited by 1
Multiple Propositional Theory for Understanding Rule and Belief Updating: An Integrative Perspective to Improve Clinical PracticePreprint
Matsumoto, N., & Nihei, M. (2023) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/v8yxw · Cited by 1
La inteligencia emocional y la depresión en el proceso adaptativo del anciano
Fernández, C. V. (2011) · doi:10.14201/gredos.115617
Underlying Cognitive Mechanisms Associated With the Emotional Work: Analysis of Depressive Patients Verbal Expressions Mecanismos Cognitivos Subyacentes Asociados con el Trabajo
Valdés, N. (2014) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México)
Reinventing the Wheel: Mindfulness Definition and Development in Buddhism and Psychology
Gilbert, B. D. (2011) · CommonKnowledge Research Repository (Pacific University Oregon)
Why dichotomize? : the combined effects of abstract and concrete processing on rumination
Mazzetti, F. A. (2010) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library)
Bootstrapping a program of process research by learning to follow loose ends.
Pos, A. E. (2012) · Journal of Psychotherapy Integration · doi:10.1037/a0029574
Mindfulness: a mediator of interpersonal style in predicting academic adjustment
Osmachenko, A. J. (2013) · University of Southern Queensland ePrints (University of Southern Queensland)
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy: Theoretical Considerations and Practical Implications for Health Care Systems
Turner, C. (2012) · UST Research Online (University of St. Thomas - Minnesota)
MEASURING MINDFULNESS IN MEDITATORS AND EXAMINING HOW ASPECTS OF MEDITATION PRACTICE AFFECT MINDFULNESS
Leinberger, K. J. (2012) · OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries)
The Impact of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction Therapy for Treating Anxiety A Research Paper Presented to The Faculty of the Adler Graduate School of Minnesota
Stageberg, B. (2012)
Daily mindfulness, stress reactivity, and the impact on daily health behaviors and emotional well-being
McManus, L. E. (2025) · Library, Museums and Press - UDSpace (University of Delaware) · doi:10.58088/q375-zs94
Title: A mindful approach to eating disorders
Rawal, A., Park, R. J., Enayati, J., & Williams, M. G. (2009)
RelativeEfficacyofMindfulness-BasedRelapsePrevention, StandardRelapsePrevention,andTreatmentasUsual forSubstanceUseDisorders A Randomized Clinical Trial
Bowen, S. W., Witkiewitz, K. A., Clifasefi, S. L., Grow, J. C., Chawla, N., Hsu, S., Carroll, H. A., Harrop, E. N., Collins, S. E., Lustyk, M. K. B., et al. (2014)
LIMITATIONS OF A SELF-DISTANCED PERSPECTIVE: ALEXITHYMIA AS A MODERATOR OF SELF-DISTANCING AND EMOTIONAL PROCESSING
Elizabeth, C. (2012)
PATTERNS OF REDUCTION OF DISTRESS IN CLINICAL CONDITIONS USING EYE MOVEMENT DESENSITISATION AND REPROCESSING (EMDR)
Bodill, B. M. M. P. (2009)
The Influences of Response Style to Depressed Mood and Essay Writing Treatment on Changes in Depressed Mood
김수연, Cho, Y., & 신민섭 (2009) · The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.15842/kjcp.2009.28.1.003
Mood Effects of Concrete Versus Abstract Depressive Rumination
Clen, S. L. (2010) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
The Relationship between Autobiographical Self-Focus and Memory Specificity/Overgenerality: Differences between Individuals with and without a Diagnosis of Depression
Bender, M., Carrera, M., & Alonso‐Arbiol, I. (2015) · Acción Psicológica · doi:10.5944/ap.12.2.15783
“In contrast, reflection, but also mindfulness, that is, the direct, intuitive, experiential awareness of experience in the moment, is not associated with a dysfunctional retrieval style (Teasdale, 1999).”
Background
Chronic depression : an integrative approach to the study of underlying vulnerability factors and psychological treatment
Renner, F. (2014) · doi:10.26481/dis.20141024fr
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL SELF-FOCUS AND MEMORY SPECIFICITY/OVERGENERALITY: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT A DIAGNOSIS OF DEPRESSION RELACIÓN ENTRE AUTO-FOCUS AUTOBIOGRÁFICO Y ESPECIFICIDAD/SOBREGENERALIZACIÓN DE LA MEMORIA: DIFERENCIAS ENTRE PERSONAS CON Y SIN UN DIAGNÓSTICO DE DEPRESIÓN
Bender, M., Carrera, M., & Alonso‐Arbiol, I. (2015)
Underlying Cognitive Mechanisms Associated With the Emotional Work: Analysis of Depressive Patients' Verbal Expressions Mecanismos Cognitivos Subyacentes Asociados con el Trabajo Emocional: Análisis de Expresiones Verbales de Pacientes con Sintomatología Depresiva
Valdés, N. (2014)
Rückfallprophylaxe für Patienten mit rezidivierender Depression
Michalak, J., Bernhold, P., & Heidenreich, T. (2012) · DNP - Der Neurologe und Psychiater · doi:10.1007/s15202-012-0288-7
Psychotherapy, freedom, and responsibility
Callender, J. S. (2010) · doi:10.1093/med/9780199545551.003.010
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL CONSTRAINTS ON ADJUSTMENT FOLLOWING THE DISSOLUTION OF A ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIP
Harvey, A. B. (2012) · TUScholarShare (Temple University)
The impact of ruminative and mindful modes of self-focus on prospective memory
Amisten, H. (2011) · e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University)
Managing Depression: Stories of Patients and Their Families Pursuing Mental Health after Psychiatric Hospitalization
Thorne, C. B. (2002) · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)
The enhancement of mindfulness through floatation-rest in beginning mindfulness meditators
Campion, V. R. (2017) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/6700
Presence in Teaching: Awakening Body Wisdom
Ahmadi, S. A. (2016)
The Effects of Self-focused Processes on Depressive Mood, Dysfunctional Beliefs and Decentering
Kim, M. J., & HyunMyoungHo (2011) · Korean Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.17315/kjhp.2011.16.2.007
Yoga and Mental Health: Connections Between Ancient and Modern Knowledge
Vorkapic, C. F. (2017) · International Journal of Complementary & Alternative Medicine · doi:10.15406/ijcam.2017.05.00174
“Some authors suggests that the decentralized and noncritical view of one’s own thoughts practiced during meditation seems to interfere with the so called ruminative patterns, typical of mental disorders such as anxiety and depression, resulting in positive cognitive changes [13], also described as “metacognitive insig…”
Background
Therapist Expressed Empathy Across Experiential Treatment for Depression: Its Growth and Relationship to Other Psychotherapy Processes
Malin, A. J. (2016) · YorkSpace (York University)
Curriculum for Accelerated Learning Through Mindfulness (CALM)
Skinner, A. D., Fidopiastis, C., Pascarelle, S., & Reichel, H. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91467-1_18
“While investigators (Kabat-Zinn 1990, 1998; Shapiro and Schwartz 2000; Teasdale 1999; Segal et al. 2002), provide descriptions of what mindfulness may be, the field lacked an operational definition from which to create testable hypotheses and determine the utility of such a construct in everyday life (Bishop 2002).”
Background
身体状態の「意味づけ」としての情動 ―相互作用認知サブシステムとマインドフルネス
牟田, 季., & 房子, 越. (2018) · 認知科学 · doi:10.11225/jcss.25.74
Measuring client modes of engagement in humanistic experiential psychotherapy
Borja, M. J. (2018)
The Effects of Mindful Self-Focused Attention on Emotional Clarity in Depressed individuals
Lee, J. Y., & Kim, C.-D. (2019) · Korea Journal of Counseling · doi:10.15703/kjc.20.6.201912.159
Die Bewältigung von Bedrohung, Angst und Stress : Achtsamkeit, Akzeptanz und Erlebensvermeidung als Copingstrategien
Knodt, J. (2019) · doi:10.20378/irb-46746 · Cited by 1
Im Hier und Jetzt für morgen sorgen. Der Einfluss von Achtsamkeit auf emotionale Prozesse in der Depressionsbehandlung
Remmers, C. (2020) · Psychotherapie: Praxis · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-60318-5_13
Experiential self-focus as a facilitator of processing interpersonal hurt and as a buffer in the relationship between anger rumination and psychological outcomes
Liao, K. Y. (2008) · Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University) · doi:10.31274/rtd-180813-16567
“Since experiential self-focus facilitates emotional processing or emotional regulation (Teasdale, 1999) of negative events, this mode of processing is likely to buffer the negative impact of anger rumination on unforgiveness, benevolence, intrusive thoughts, and negative affect over time.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Anger : Specific cognitive and developmental factors : An investigation into the specific associations between anger, early maladaptive schemas and parenting
Maud, M. (2006) · FedUni ResearchOnline (Federation University Australia)
Investigating the role of natural environments in the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) programme
Choe, E. Y. (2019) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
The Psychology of Inner Peace: Discovering Heartfulness
Fatemi, S. M. (2021)
أســاليــــب المعالجـــــــة الانفعاليـــــــة لدى طلاب الجامعة المکتئبين وغير المکتئبين
محمد, ص. ا. ع. (2016) · مجلة كلية التربية جامعة بنها · doi:10.21608/jfeb.2016.65936
Pavlovian and Instrumental Conditioning and Their Mutual Influence in Major Depressive Disorder: The Mood and Emotional Learning Dynamics (MELD) FrameworkPreprint
Terpstra, A. R., & Todd, R. M. (2020) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/zdt36
The Alliance as a Prerequisite to Emotional Processing in Psychotherapy
Daljeet, S. (2021) · UWSpace (University of Waterloo)
Les richesses de la pleine conscience
Teasdale, J., & Chaskalson, M. (2018) · De Boeck Supérieur eBooks · doi:10.3917/dbu.mark.2018.01.0149
Self-citation
The Study of Mediators and Mechanisms in Psychotherapy Research
Andrews, L. A., Curtiss, J. E., & Hayes, A. M. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00220-x · Cited by 1
Emotion dysregulation as a mediator of the relationship between mindfulness and depression
Jacobs, A. (2013) · CommonKnowledge Research Repository (Pacific University Oregon)
Academic rank and salary status of medical laboratory sciences faculty.
Maturen, A., Sm, R., & Florek-Ebeling, D. B. (1981) · PubMed
References
(2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012174653-7/50017-x
Pain regulation during mindfulness meditation: phenomenological fingerprints in novice and expert practitionersPreprint
Poletti, S., Abdoun, O., Zorn, J. V., & Antoine Lutz, A. (2020) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/hgsj3
Literatur
(2012) · Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht eBooks · doi:10.13109/9783666401619.217
The Application of Exposure Principles to the Treatment of Depression
Hayes, A. M., Yasinski, C. W., & Alpert, E. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-04927-9_17 · Cited by 1
Effect of online-based short-term mindfulness meditation to enhance counseling competency of counseling psychology majoring students
Lee, W.-K. (2022) · Journal of Next-generation Convergence Information Services Technology · doi:10.29056/jncist.2022.08.04
The Problems facing Female Students in Early Childhood Departments at Shaqra University and their relationship to their academic performance
Rogi, S. A. (2022) · Journal of Human and Administrative Sciences · doi:10.56760/fjyx1818
The relationship between patience and both control of thoughts and ruminative thinking
Alzadani, A. (2022) · Journal of Human and Administrative Sciences · doi:10.56760/buch6047
Acritique View of Book and Research on Objection By Prophetic Hadith In Syntax Lesson.
Rabah, F. A. (2022) · Journal of Human and Administrative Sciences · doi:10.56760/iicu7520
Recalling the Poetic Citation in the Old Criticism (Al-Rawd Al-Mari' in Sin'at Al-Badi') Bookwritten by Ibn Al-Banaa Al-Marakishy as an Example
ALQahtani, M. (2022) · Journal of Human and Administrative Sciences · doi:10.56760/asvw1145
The Difference Of Their Prophethood In The Holy Quran A Prospective Analytical Study
Al-Dosari, M. (2022) · Journal of Human and Administrative Sciences · doi:10.56760/iyhl1030
Supererogatory Prayers In The Mosques Without A Congregation
Altuwala, S. (2022) · Journal of Human and Administrative Sciences · doi:10.56760/uphp6303
money saving purpose And its impact on the Saudi implementation system
Alharthy, M. (2022) · Journal of Human and Administrative Sciences · doi:10.56760/wcvv4246
Procedural protection of the trademark in GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL TRADEMARK LAW - an analytical study
Sufran, A. (2022) · Journal of Human and Administrative Sciences · doi:10.56760/wudq2608
How Does Psilocybin Therapy Work? an Exploration of Experiential Avoidance as a Putative Mechanism of Change
Zeifman, R. J. (2024) · doi:10.32920/26052859.v1 · Cited by 1
EMDR Therapy and the Working Memory Hypothesis
Smith, C. S., & Farrell, D. P. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192898357.013.46
Acceptability, Practicality and Preliminary Indications of Efficacy of a Blended Individual Mindfulness Intervention for Patients with Persistent Depression
Hamilton, J., Brennan, K., Brown, D., & Barnhofer, T. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02598-5
“Training in mindfulness was introduced to the psychological treatment of depression as a means of building skills that allow patients to recognise and decenter from maladaptive habitual patterns of thinking (Teasdale, 1999; Teasdale et al., 1995).”
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and the Use of Mindfulness Meditation in the Prevention and Treatment of Depression: Current State of the Evidence and Potential Future Directions
Barnhofer, T. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-91451-5_19
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT): Curriculum, Training, and Clinician Guide
Molnar, C. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-00353-9_21
Cognitive Methods in the Treatment of Insomnia
Lundh, L. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0567-9_63
According Your Goals with Yourself: How Mindfulness Can Promote Autonomy and Fulfilment in Goal Pursuits
Marion-Jetten, A. S., Taylor, G., & Schattke, K. P. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-3133-2_11
Comprendre les ruminations mentales comme une forme de parole intérieure : examiner le rôle des processus moteurs
Nalborczyk, L. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/f72eff56z8575z4fbbz99a6z91c0f2313786
Définir et mesurer l'équanimité : régulation des réactions émotionnelles aux stimuli positifs et négatifs
Juneau, C. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/c8becf9fzcd49z4708z9b23z6fc71bc2b0e9
Effects of Mindfulness Training on Wellbeing and Emotional Intelligence in Pre-Service Teachers
Moreno-Gómez, A., Luna, P., Rodríguez-Donaire, A., Rodrigo-Ruiz, D., & Cejudo, J. (2026) · Psicologí a Educativa · doi:10.5093/psed2026a12
Mechanisms of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in difficult-to-treat depression: moderation and mediation analyses from the RESPOND trial
Barnhofer, T., Dunn, B., Strauss, C., Ruths, F. A., Ryan, M., Ladwa, A., Stafford, F., Fichera, R., Metcalfe, I., Young, A. H., et al. (2026) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291726105212
“AccordingtotheprogramtheoryofMBCT,thecoremechanism underlyingitseffectsisthecultivationofdecentering:thecapacity toobservethoughtsandemotionsastransientmentaleventsrather thanasaccuratereflectionsoftheselforreality(Teasdale,1999; Teasdale,Segal,&Williams,1995).”
Sadness regulation in daily life in remitted depression: Regulatory repertoire composition and affect-dependent effectiveness
Jayakumar, S., Xu, E. P., Minns, S. A., Zapetis, S. L., Turnamian, M. R., Li, J., Wei, M., Leonards, C. A., Tharanipathy, A., Webb, D. E., et al. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.122258
Emotional processing in childbirth : a longitudinal study of women's management of emotions during pregnancy and the association with postnatal depression
Wilkins, C. (2012) · Bournemouth University Research Online (Bournemouth University)

Authors: Teasdale, J. D.
Affiliations: MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
Corresponding author: Teasdale, John D.
Venue: Behaviour Research and Therapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1999-07
Volume: 37
Pages: S53-S77
ISSN: 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00050-9
OpenAlex: W2076940846
Semantic Scholar: 57e0373609a90ad1c04935e7e8ac50f0ac5441e4
Cited by: 481
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 39
FWCI: 10.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Keywords: emotional processing, depression relapse prevention, depression recurrence, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
MeSH terms: Affect, Attention, Defense Mechanisms, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Processes, Models, Psychological, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Self Efficacy, Secondary Prevention

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Emotional processing, three modes of mind and the prevention of relapse in depression

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks