Cited by 158Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsPosttraumatic Stress Disorder Research

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Effects of distraction and guided threat reappraisal on fear reduction during exposure-based treatments for specific fears

Kamphuis, Jan H, Telch, Michael J·2000·Behaviour Research and Therapy

DOI 10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00147-3

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Abstract

To test predictions derived from the emotional processing theory of fear reduction, claustrophobics (N = 58) were randomized to one of four exposure conditions: (a) exposure with guided threat reappraisal, (b) exposure with a cognitive load distracter task, (c) exposure with both guided threat reappraisal and cognitive load distracter task and (d) exposure without guided threat reappraisal or cognitive load distracter task. We hypothesized that self-guided in vivo exposure would lead to less fear reduction if performed simultaneously with a cognitive load distracter task that severely taxes information processing resources. In contrast, we hypothesized that focusing on core threats during exposure would enhance fear reduction. The main findings were largely consistent with predictions. The cognitive load task (regardless of focus of available attention) had a detrimental effect on fear reduction, while guided threat reappraisal (regardless of cognitive load) had a facilitative effect. The greatest level of fear reduction and the lowest level of return of fear were observed in the exposure condition involving guided threat reappraisal without cognitive load. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.

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Authors: Kamphuis, J. H., & Telch, M. J.
Affiliations: The University of Texas at Austin (US)
Corresponding author: Kamphuis, Jan H
ORCID: Kamphuis, Jan H
Telch, Michael J
Venue: Behaviour Research and Therapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2000-12
Volume: 38
Issue: 12
Pages: 1163-1181
ISSN: 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00147-3
OpenAlex: W2148093646
Cited by: 158
References: 27
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 2.71
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Keywords: fear reduction, distraction, cognitive load, claustrophobia, exposure therapy, emotional processing theory, return of fear, in vivo exposure, attentional focus
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Desensitization, Psychologic, Fear, Female, Habituation, Psychophysiologic, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Phobic Disorders, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Imagery, Psychotherapy

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Effects of distraction and guided threat reappraisal on fear reduction during exposure-based treatments for specific fears

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