What is the core fear in social phobia? A new model to facilitate individualized case conceptualization and treatment

Moscovitch, David A.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2008.04.002

Cited by 322Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychological Treatments and AssessmentsChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

What is the core fear in social phobia? A new model to facilitate individualized case conceptualization and treatment

Moscovitch, David A.·2009·Cognitive and Behavioral Practice

DOI 10.1016/j.cbpra.2008.04.002

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Some clinical models of SAD treatment hold that the anxiety experienced by people with SAD is a secondary response to the anticipation of exposing the core shameful self to others.
“Some clinical models of SAD treatment hold that the anxiety experienced by people with SAD is a secondary response to the anticipation of exposing the core shameful self to others (93, 94).”
From MDMA-Assisted Therapy as a Means to Alter Affective, Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurological Systems Underlying Social Dysfunction in Social Anxiety Disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [94]

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Social Anxiety and Social Anxiety Disorder
Morrison, A. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2013) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185631 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
The aetiology and maintenance of social anxiety disorder: A synthesis of complementary theoretical models and formulation of a new integrated model
Wong, Q. J. J., & Rapee, R. M. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.069 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Whether, how, and when social anxiety shapes positive experiences and events: A self-regulatory framework and treatment implications
Kashdan, T. B., Weeks, J. W., & Savostyanova, A. A. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.03.012 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Social anxiety and eating disorder comorbidity: The role of negative social evaluation fears
Levinson, C. A., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2012) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.11.006 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
A Randomized Trial of MBSR Versus Aerobic Exercise for Social Anxiety Disorder
Jazaieri, H., Goldin, P. R., Werner, K., Ziv, M., & Gross, J. J. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.21863 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
A contextual approach to experiential avoidance and social anxiety: Evidence from an experimental interaction and daily interactions of people with social anxiety disorder.
Kashdan, T. B., Goodman, F. R., Machell, K. A., Kleiman, E. M., Monfort, S. S., Ciarrochi, J., & Nezlek, J. B. (2014) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0035935 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
An integrative network approach to social anxiety disorder: the complex dynamic interplay among attentional bias for threat, attentional control, and symptoms
Heeren, A., & McNally, R. J. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.009 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Differentiating emotions across contexts: Comparing adults with and without social anxiety disorder using random, social interaction, and daily experience sampling.
Kashdan, T. B., & Farmer, A. S. (2014) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0035796 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Distinguishing healthy adults from people with social anxiety disorder: Evidence for the value of experiential avoidance and positive emotions in everyday social interactions.
Kashdan, T. B., Farmer, A. S., Adams, L. M., Ferssizidis, P., McKnight, P. E., & Nezlek, J. B. (2013) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0032733 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Childhood maltreatment, shame-proneness and self-criticism in social anxiety disorder: a sequential mediational model
Shahar, B., Doron, G., & Szepsenwol, O. (2015) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.1918 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Versus Aerobic Exercise: Effects on the Self-Referential Brain Network in Social Anxiety Disorder
Goldin, P., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H., & Gross, J. J. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00295 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Trait and Daily Emotion Regulation in Social Anxiety Disorder
Blalock, D. V., Kashdan, T. B., & Farmer, A. S. (2016) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9739-8 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Examining the relationship between shame and social anxiety disorder: A systematic review
Swee, M. B., Hudson, C. C., & Heimberg, R. G. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102088 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Affective and Self-Esteem Instability in the Daily Lives of People With Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder
Farmer, A. S., & Kashdan, T. B. (2014) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702613495200 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Maintenance of social anxiety in stuttering: a cognitive-behavioral model
Iverach, L., Rapee, R. M., Wong, Q. J. J., & Lowe, R. (2017) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2016_ajslp-16-0033 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Changes in judgment biases and use of emotion regulation strategies during cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: distinguishing treatment responders from nonresponders
Moscovitch, D. A., Gavric, D. L., Senn, J. M., Santesso, D. L., Miskovic, V., Schmidt, L. A., McCabe, R. E., & Antony, M. M. (2012) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9371-1 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citation
Emotion-focused therapy for social anxiety disorder: results from a multiple-baseline study
Shahar, B., Bar-Kalifa, E., & Alon, E. (2017) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000166 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Changes in the self during cognitive behavioural therapy for social anxiety disorder: a systematic review
Gregory, B., & Peters, L. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.11.008 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Social anxiety in pre-adolescent children: What do we know about maintenance?
Halldorsson, B., & Creswell, C. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.08.013 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Cognitive Constructs and Social Anxiety Disorder: Beyond Fearing Negative Evaluation
Teale Sapach, M. J. N., Carleton, R. N., Mulvogue, M. K., Weeks, J. W., & Heimberg, R. G. (2015) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2014.961539 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Emotion-Focused Therapy for the Treatment of Social Anxiety: An Overview of the Model and a Case Description.
Shahar, B. (2014) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.1853 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Emotions in social anxiety disorder: A review
Rozen, N., & Aderka, I. M. (2023) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102696 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Fear, avoidance and physiological symptoms during cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder
Aderka, I. M., McLean, C. P., Huppert, J. D., Davidson, J. R. T., & Foa, E. B. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.03.007 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Unmasking One’s True Self Facilitates Positive Relational Outcomes: Authenticity Promotes Social Approach Processes in Social Anxiety Disorder
Plasencia, M. L., Taylor, C. T., & Alden, L. E. (2016) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702615622204 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Autobiographical memory retrieval and appraisal in social anxiety disorder
Moscovitch, D. A., Vidovic, V., Lenton-Brym, A. P., Dupasquier, J. R., Barber, K. C., Hudd, T., Zabara, N., & Romano, M. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.06.008 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citation
Social anxiety, submissiveness, and shame in men and women: a moderated mediation analysis
Zimmerman, J., Morrison, A. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2015) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12057 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Development and validation of the Core Beliefs Questionnaire in a sample of individuals with social anxiety disorder
Wong, Q. J. J., Gregory, B., Gaston, J. E., Rapee, R. M., Wilson, J. K., & Abbott, M. J. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.020 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self and identity in social anxiety disorder
Gilboa‐Schechtman, E., Keshet, H., Peschard, V., & Azoulay, R. (2020) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12455 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Vulnerabilities in social anxiety: Integrating intra- and interpersonal perspectives
Ginat-Frolich, R., Gilboa-Schechtman, E., Huppert, J. D., Aderka, I. M., Alden, L. E., Bar-Haim, Y., Becker, E. S., Bernstein, A., Geva, R., Heimberg, R. G., et al. (2024) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102415 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citation
How do people with social anxiety disorder manage daily stressors? Deconstructing emotion regulation flexibility in daily life
Goodman, F. R., Daniel, K. E., Eldesouky, L., Brown, B. A., & Kneeland, E. T. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100210 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Are people with social anxiety disorder happier alone?
Goodman, F. R., Rum, R., Silva, G., & Kashdan, T. B. (2021) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102474 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The role of shame and self-criticism in social anxiety: a daily diary study in a nonclinical sample
Lazarus, G., & Shahar, B. (2018) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2018.37.2.107 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
What If I Appear Boring, Anxious, or Unattractive? Validation and Treatment Sensitivity of the Negative Self Portrayal Scale in Clinical Samples
Moscovitch, D. A., Rowa, K., Paulitzki, J. R., Antony, M. M., & McCabe, R. E. (2015) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-014-9645-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
Look at the audience? A randomized controlled study of shifting attention from self-focus to nonsocial vs. Social external stimuli during virtual reality exposure to public speaking in social anxiety
Wechsler, T. F., Pfaller, M., Eickels, R. E. V., Schulz, L. H., & Mühlberger, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.751272 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Blending in at the cost of losing oneself: dishonest self- disclosure erodes self-concept clarity in social anxiety
Orr, E. M. J., & Moscovitch, D. A. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.044914 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Discomfort and avoidance of touch: new insights on the emotional deficits of social anxiety
Kashdan, T. B., Doorley, J., Stiksma, M. C., & Hertenstein, M. J. (2017) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2016.1256867 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Pride in social anxiety disorder
Oren-Yagoda, R., Paz, N., & Aderka, I. M. (2023) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102759 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The most important life goals of people with and without social anxiety disorder: Focusing on emotional interference and uncovering meaning in life
Goodman, F. R., & Kashdan, T. B. (2021) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2019.1689423 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
MDMA-Assisted Therapy as a Means to Alter Affective, Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurological Systems Underlying Social Dysfunction in Social Anxiety Disorder
Luoma, J., & Lear, M. K. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.733893 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Some clinical models of SAD treatment hold that the anxiety experienced by people with SAD is a secondary response to the anticipation of exposing the core shameful self to others (93, 94).”
Background
A Randomized Trial of Brief Online Interventions to Facilitate Treatment Seeking for Social Anxiety.
Tobias, M. R., Landy, L. N., Levin, M. E., & Arch, J. J. (2022) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455211040051 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“, fear of talking with strangers or authority figures, initiating or maintaining conversations, or revealing one’s personality) present barriers to seeking treatment (Brown & Barlow, 2014; Moscovitch, 2009).”
Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review
Fernández-Álvarez, J., Colombo, D., Gómez Penedo, J. M., Pierantonelli, M., Baños, R. M., & Botella, C. (2024) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/46593 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Values- versus monetary reward-enhanced exposure therapy for the treatment of social anxiety in emerging adulthood
Schneider, R. L., & Arch, J. J. (2023) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102788 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Now I Always have to Perform Well! Effects of CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder on Negative Interpretations of Positive Social Events
Nishikawa, Y., Fracalanza, K., Rector, N. A., & Laposa, J. M. (2022) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-022-10322-z · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Authors: Moscovitch, D. A.
Affiliations: University of Waterloo (CA)
Corresponding author: Moscovitch, David A.
ORCID: Moscovitch, David A.
Venue: Cognitive and Behavioral Practice
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-05
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Pages: 123-134
ISSN: 1077-7229 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2008.04.002
OpenAlex: W1997088099
Cited by: 322
References: 102
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 9.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Cognitive and Behavioral Practice (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: social anxiety disorder, fear of negative evaluation, embarrassment, social status, symptom heterogeneity, case formulation, personalized treatment, panic disorder

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