Five-year follow-up for adverse outcomes in males with at least minimally positive angiograms: importance of “denial” in assessing psychosocial risk factors

Ketterer, Mark W.; Huffman, Jennifer; Lumley, Mark A.; Wassef, Sami; Gray, Lenora; Kenyon, Lori; Kraft, Phil; Brymer, James; Rhoads, Ken; Lovallo, W.R.; Goldberg, A.David

doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(97)00206-7

Cited by 112Cardiac Health and Mental HealthCardiac Imaging and DiagnosticsPsychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments

Five-year follow-up for adverse outcomes in males with at least minimally positive angiograms: importance of “denial” in assessing psychosocial risk factors

Ketterer, Mark W., Huffman, Jennifer, Lumley, Mark A., Wassef, Sami, Gray, Lenora, Kenyon, Lori, Kraft, Phil, Brymer, James +3 more·1998·Journal of Psychosomatic Research

DOI 10.1016/s0022-3999(97)00206-7

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to test the role of "denial" (spouse/friend minus self-ratings on parallel versions of the same questionnaire) in diluting the predictive value of emotional distress for cardiac events (deaths, new MIs, and/or revascularizations). One hundred forty-four men with no history of prior revascularization who had at least minimally positive diagnostic coronary angiograms, and someone they selected as "someone who knows you well," completed parallel versions of the Ketterer Stress Symptom Frequency Checklist (KSSFC). They were followed up by phone an average of 59.7 months after recruitment. Length of follow-up, baseline cardiac risk factors, and a number of baseline-obtained psychosocial risk factors were tested as prospective predictors of combined events (death by any cause, new MIs, and/or revascularizations) and current anginal frequency. Only spouse/friend observed anxiety on the KSSFC predicted current anginal frequency (p = 0.001). On the self-report version of the KSSFC, patients with one or more events reported less anger (p = 0.031), depression (p = 0.008), and anxiety (p = 0.003). These results may be attributable to "denial" because there were no differences in spouse/friend ratings, and difference scores (spouse/friend minus patient) on the KSSFC scales, particularly anger, were also related to events: AIAI (p = 0.002); depression (p = 0.063); and anxiety (p = 0.010). Denial may be a major limiting factor in accurately assessing emotional distress in cardiac populations, and may help account for a number of the previous findings.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0022-3999(97)00206-7

Cites

41 of 41 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Hostility was not associated with 5-year mortality in CVD patient samples.
“or with 5-year [170]”
From Personality and Longevity: Knowns, Unknowns, and Implications for Public Health and Personalized Medicine (2011) · cites this paper as [170]

An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032 · see citing works
Two-component models of socially desirable responding.
Paulhus, D. L. (1984) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.46.3.598 · Cited by 3,013 · see citing works
Sudden cardiac death
Zipes, D. P., & Wellens, H. J. J. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.98.21.2334 · Cited by 2,744 · see citing works
Proposed hostility and Pharisaic-virtue scales for the MMPI.
Cook, W. W., & Medley, D. M. (1954) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0060667 · Cited by 1,489 · see citing works
The relative efficacy of avoidant and nonavoidant coping strategies: A meta-analysis.
Suls, J. M., & Fletcher, B. (1985) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.4.3.249 · Cited by 1,224 · see citing works
The relative efficacy of avoidant and nonavoidant coping strategies: A meta-analysis.
Suls, J. M., & Fletcher, B. (1985) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.249 · Cited by 885 · see citing works
Hostility, CHD Incidence, and Total Mortality: A 25-Year Follow-Up Study of 255 Physicians
Barefoot, J. C., Dahlstrom, G. W., & Williams, R. B. (1983) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198303000-00008 · Cited by 866 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Controlled retrospective, prospective and cross-sectional studies have implicated depression [1–3], anxiety [3–6], and anger [7–10] as strong predictors of adverse out-”
BackgroundMethod
The Cook-Medley hostility scale: item content and ability to predict survival.
Barefoot, J. C., Dodge, K. A., Peterson, B. L., Dahlstrom, W. G., & Williams, R. B. (1989) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198901000-00005 · Cited by 825 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The Barefoot subscales [19] were scored from the Cook–Medley Scale: Cynicism, Hostile Attributes, Hostile Affects, Aggressive Responding, Social Avoidance, and Other.”
Method
THE RELATIONSHIP OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS TO CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN THE FRAMINGHAM STUDY
Haynes, S., Levine, S., Scotch, N. A., Feinleib, M., & Kannel, W. B. (1978) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112556 · Cited by 800 · see citing works
Triggering of Acute Myocardial Infarction Onset by Episodes of Anger
Mittleman, M. A., Maclure, M., Sherwood, J. B., Mulry, R. P., Tofler, G. H., Jacobs, S. C., Friedman, R. B., Benson, H., & Muller, J. E. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.92.7.1720 · Cited by 705 · see citing works
Major depressive disorder predicts cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease.
Carney, R. M., Rich, M. W., Freedland, K. E., Saini, J., teVelde, A., Simeone, C., & Clark, K. A. (1988) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198811000-00009 · Cited by 669 · see citing works
Symptoms of anxiety and risk of coronary heart disease. The Normative Aging Study.
Kawachi, I. I., Sparrow, D., Vokonas, P., & Weiss, S. T. (1994) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.90.5.2225 · Cited by 618 · see citing works
Prospective study of phobic anxiety and risk of coronary heart disease in men.
Kawachi, I. I., Colditz, G. A., Ascherio, A., Rimm, E. B., Giovannucci, E. L., Stampfer, M. J., & Willett, W. C. (1994) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.89.5.1992 · Cited by 563 · see citing works
Coronary-Prone Behavior
(1978) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-86007-2 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
The Interview Method of Assessment of the Coronary-Prone Behavior Pattern
Rosenman, R. H. (1978) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-86007-2_4 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
The impact of negative emotions on prognosis following myocardial infarction: Is it more than depression?
Frasure‐Smith, N., Lespérance, F., & Talajic, M. R. (1995) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.14.5.388 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
The impact of negative emotions on prognosis following myocardial infarction: Is it more than depression?
Frasure‐Smith, N., Lespérance, F., & Talajic, M. (1995) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.14.5.388 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Components of hostility as predictors of sudden death and myocardial infarction in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.
Dembroski, T. M., MacDougall, J. M., Costa, P. T., & Grandits, G. A. (1989) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198909000-00003 · Cited by 377 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Controlled retrospective, prospective and cross-sectional studies have implicated depression [1–3], anxiety [3–6], and anger [7–10] as strong predictors of adverse out-”
BackgroundMethod
Pathophysiological dilemma of syndrome X.
Cannon, R. O., Camici, P. G., & Epstein, S. E. (1992) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.85.3.883 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
The lungs as receptor sites for cardiovascular regulation.
Jt, S. (1981) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.63.1.1 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
A Prospective Study of Anger and Coronary Heart Disease
Kawachi, I. I., Sparrow, D., Spiro, A., Vokonas, P., & Weiss, S. T. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.9.2090 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Phobic anxiety and ischaemic heart disease.
Haines, A., Imeson, J., & Meade, T. W. (1987) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.295.6593.297 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Biobehavioral factors in sudden cardiac death.
Kamarck, T. W., & Jennings, J. R. (1991) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.109.1.42 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Fatigue and heart disease. The association between ‘vital exhaustion’ and past, present and future coronary heart disease
Appels, A., & Mulder, P. G. H. (1989) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(89)90088-3 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Stress and the Heart
Frank, C. B., & Smith, S. (1990) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(90)72161-5 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Medical and Economic Costs of Psychologic Distress in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Allison, T. G., Williams, D. E., Miller, T. D., Patten, C. A., Bailey, K. R., Squires, R. W., & Gau, G. T. (1995) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/70.8.734 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Sudden cardiac death: biobehavioral perspective.
Lown, B. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Alexithymia
Lesser, I. M. (1985) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198503143121105 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Invited review: Atypical chest pain
Mayou, R. (1989) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(89)90001-9 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Defensive hostility: Relationship to multiple markers of cardiac ischemia in patients with coronary disease.
Helmers, K. F., Krantz, D. S., Merz, C. N. B., Klein, J., Kop, W. J., Gottdiener, J. S., & 叶桂香 (1995) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.14.3.202 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self- and spouse ratings of anger and hostility as predictors of coronary heart disease.
Kneip, R. C., Delamater, A. M., Ismond, T., Milford, C., Salvia, L., & Schwartz, D. (1993) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.12.4.301 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Defensive hostility: Relationship to multiple markers of cardiac ischemia in patients with coronary disease.
Helmers, K. F., Krantz, D. S., Merz, C. N. B., et al. (1995) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.14.3.202 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self- and spouse ratings of anger and hostility as predictors of coronary heart disease.
Kneip, R. C., Delamater, A. M., Ismond, T., et al. (1993) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.12.4.301 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease
Ketterer, M. W. (1993) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(93)71821-6 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citation
ATYPICAL CHEST PAIN
Jouriles, N. J. (1998) · Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70030-4 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Denial of Depression as an Independent Correlate of Coronary Artery Disease
Ketterer, M. W., Kenyon, L., Foley, B. A., Brymer, J. F., Rhoads, K., Kraft, P. L., & Lovallo, W. R. (1996) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/135910539600100108 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citation
The validity of the diagnosis of mild dementia
Rosenman, S. J. (1991) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700029913 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Emotional distress among males with “Syndrome X”
Ketterer, M. W., Brymer, J. F., Rhoads, K., Kraft, P. L., Kenyon, L., Foley, B., Lovallo, W. R., & Voight, C. J. (1996) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf01857678 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
Denial Specific to Friedman's Pathogenic Emotions in Jenkins Activity Survey Type A and Angiography-Referred Males
Ketterer, M. W. (1992) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(92)72023-4 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citation
Quantifying the density of Friedman's pathogenic emotions (AIAI).
Mw, K., Lovallo, W. R., & Ma, L. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citation
Snoring and the severity of coronary artery disease in men.
Ketterer, M. W., Brymer, J. F., Rhoads, K. L., Kraft, P. L., & Kenyon, L. (1994) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199405000-00009 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Depression as a predictor for coronary heart disease
Rugulies, R. (2002) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00439-7 · Cited by 1,110 · see citing works
Anger, Anxiety, and Depression as Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: The Problems and Implications of Overlapping Affective Dispositions.
Suls, J., & Bunde, J. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.2.260 · Cited by 878 · see citing works
The Association of Anger and Hostility With Future Coronary Heart Disease
Chida, Y., & Steptoe, A. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.11.044 · Cited by 774 · see citing works
Prognostic Association of Anxiety Post Myocardial Infarction With Mortality and New Cardiac Events: A Meta-Analysis
Roest, A. M., Martens, E. J., Denollet, J., & de Jonge, P. (2010) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181dbff97 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Type D personality
Denollet, J. (2000) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00177-x · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Type D personality, cardiac events, and impaired quality of life: a review
Pedersen, S. S., & Denollet, J. (2003) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00149831-200308000-00005 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Personality and Longevity: Knowns, Unknowns, and Implications for Public Health and Personalized Medicine
Chapman, B. P., Roberts, B., & Duberstein, P. (2011) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.4061/2011/759170 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Scared to Death? Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease
Martens, E. J., de Jonge, P., Na, B., Cohen, B. E., Lett, H. S., & Whooley, M. A. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.74 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Hostility as a Predictor of Survival in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Boyle, S. H., Williams, R. B., Mark, D. B., Brummett, B. H., Siegler, I. C., Helms, M. J., & Barefoot, J. C. (2004) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000138122.93942.4a · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Relationship of Coping Styles With Quality of Life and Depressive Symptoms in Older Heart Failure Patients
Klein, D. M., Turvey, C., & Pies, C. J. (2007) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264306296398 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Depression and Related Psychological Factors in Heart Disease
Kent, L. K., & Shapiro, P. A. (2009) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/10673220903463333 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Is coping style linked to emotional states in heart failure patients?
Doering, L. V., Dracup, K., Caldwell, M. A., Moser, D. K., Erickson, V., Fonarow, G. C., & Hamilton, M. A. (2004) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2003.10.001 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The development of personality across the lifespan
Donnellan, M. B., & Robins, R. W. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.015 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Temperament and brain networks of attention
Posner, M. I., & Rothbart, M. K. (2018) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0254 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Associations of self-reports versus spouse ratings of negative affectivity, dominance, and affiliation with coronary artery disease: Where should we look and who should we ask when studying personality and health?
Smith, T. W., Uchino, B. N., Berg, C. A., Florsheim, P., Pearce, G. E., Hawkins, M., Henry, N. J. M., Beveridge, R. M., Skinner, M. A., Hopkins, P. N., et al. (2008) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.27.6.676 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Personality and emotion
Reisenzein, R., & Weber, H. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.007 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“Nothing is Wrong, Doctor”: Understanding and Managing Denial in Patients with Cancer
Rabinowitz, T., & Peirson, R. (2006) · Cancer Investigation · doi:10.1080/07357900500449678 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Are Somatic Symptoms of Depression Better Predictors of Cardiac Events than Cognitive Symptoms in Coronary Heart Disease?
Carney, R., & Freedland, K. (2012) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3182405ac4 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
GAD is good? Generalized anxiety disorder predicts a superior five-year outcome following an acute coronary syndrome
Parker, G. B., Hyett, M. P., Hadži-Pavlović, D., Brotchie, H., & Walsh, W. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.05.018 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Hostile Personality Traits and Coronary Artery Calcification in Middle-Aged and Older Married Couples: Different Effects for Self-Reports Versus Spouse Ratings
Smith, T. W., Uchino, B. N., Berg, C. A., Florsheim, P., Pearce, G. E., Hawkins, M., Hopkins, P. N., & Yoon, H. (2007) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3180600a65 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-regulation and control in personality functioning
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.027 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Men deny and women cry, but who dies? Do the wages of “denial” include early ischemic coronary heart disease?
Ketterer, M. W., Denollet, J., Chapp, J., Thayer, B., Keteyian, S. J., Clark, V., John, S. P., Farha, A., & Deveshwar, S. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00501-4 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Impact of Emotions on Coronary Heart Disease Risk
Tennant, C., & McLean, L. (2001) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/174182670100800309 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Psychological factors affecting a medical condition
Ketterer, M. W., Mahr, G., & Goldberg, A. D. (2000) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00099-4 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citation
Hostility, Age, and Mortality in a Sample of Cardiac Patients
Boyle, S. H., Williams, R. B., Mark, D. B., Brummett, B. H., Siegler, I. C., & Barefoot, J. C. (2005) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.02.046 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Personality in cross-cultural perspective
Dragūns, J. G. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.035 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Is Disturbed Sleep a Mediator in the Association between Social Support and Myocardial Infarction?
Nordin, M., Knutsson, A., & Sundbom, E. (2007) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105307084312 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Symptoms in Coronary-Artery Disease Patients Are Strongly Correlated With Emotional Distress
Ketterer, M. W., Knysz, W., Keteyian, S. J., Schairer, J. R., Jafri, S. M., Alam, M., Farha, A., & Deveshwar, S. (2008) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.49.3.230 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Big Mush: Psychometric Measures are Confounded and Non-Independent in Their Association with Age at Initial Diagnosis of Ischaemic Coronary Heart Disease
Ketterer, M. W., Denollet, J., Goldberg, A. D., McCullough, P. A., John, S. P., Farha, A., Clark, V., Keteyian, S. J., Chapp, J., Thayer, B., et al. (2002) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/174182670200900106 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citation
Educational Psychology
Ben‐Eliyahu, A., & Zeidner, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.041 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Depression and Anxiety in Ambulatory Patients With Heart Failure
Cully, J. A., Johnson, M. L., Moffett, M. L., Khan, M., & Deswal, A. M. (2009) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(09)70861-8 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Risk factors for incident depression in patients at first acute coronary syndrome
Ossola, P., Paglia, F., Pelosi, A., Panfilis, C. D., Conte, G., Tonna, M., Ardissino, D., & Marchesi, C. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.063 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Personality Neuroscience
DeYoung, C. G., & Blain, S. D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.026 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The impact of differing anxiety disorders on outcome following an acute coronary syndrome: time to start worrying?
Parker, G. B., Owen, C. A., Brotchie, H., & Hyett, M. P. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20602 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The Utility of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory with Offenders
Foley, P. F., Hartman, B. W., Dunn, A. B., Smith, J. E., & Goldberg, D. M. (2002) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x02463009 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
What's “Unstable” in Unstable Angina?
Ketterer, M. W., Mahr, G., Cao, J. J., Hudson, M. P., Smith, S., & Knysz, W. (2004) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.45.3.185 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
Personality and Emotion
Reisenzein, R., Hildebrandt, A., & Weber, H. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.009 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Psychosocial and Traditional Risk Factors in Early Ischaemic Heart Disease: Cross-Sectional Correlates
Ketterer, M. W., Fitzgerald, F., Thayer, B., Moraga, R. J., Mahr, G., Keteyian, S. J., McGowan, C., Stein, P., & Goldberg, A. D. (2000) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/204748730000700603 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression Are Correlates of Angina Pectoris by Recent History and an Ischemia-Positive Treadmill Test in Patients with Documented Coronary Artery Disease in the Pimi Study
Ketterer, M. W., Bekkouche, N. S., Goldberg, A. D., McMahon, R. P., & Krantz, D. S. (2011) · Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1155/2011/134040 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
Psychological Correlates of Mental Stress-induced Ischemia in the Laboratory
Ketterer, M. W., Freedland, K. E., Krantz, D. S., Kaufmann, P., Forman, S. A., Greene, A. F., Raczynski, J. M., Knatterud, G. L., Light, K., Carney, R. M., et al. (2000) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/135910530000500112 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citation
Personality and the Self
Robinson, M. D., & Sedikides, C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.031 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Chest Pain and the Treatment of Psychosocial/Emotional Distress in CAD Patients
Ketterer, M., Fitzgerald, F., Keteyian, S., Thayer, B., Jordon, M., McGowan, C. M., Mahr, G., Manganas, A., & Goldberg, A. (2000) · Journal of behavioral medicine · doi:10.1023/a:1005521014919 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Five-Factor Model of Personality: Consensus and Controversy
McCrae, R. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.013 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Biomedical and Psychosocial Predictors of Anginal Frequency in Patients Following Angioplasty with and Without Coronary Stenting
Sirois, B. C., Sears, S. F., & Bertolet, B. D. (2003) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1023/a:1026201818892 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Personality at work
Burch, G. S. J., & Anderson, N. R. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.046 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Major” Depressive Disorder, Coronary Heart Disease, and the DSM–IV Threshold Problem
Ketterer, M. W., Wulsin, L. R., Cao, J. J., Schairer, J. R., Hakim, A. R., Hudson, M. P., Keteyian, S. J., Khanal, S., Clark, V. L., & Weaver, W. D. (2005) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.47.1.50 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citation
Components of the Anger-Hostility Complex and Symptom Reporting in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Multi-Measure Study
Ramsay, J. M. C., McDermott, M. R., & Bray, C. L. (2001) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/135910530100600615 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Post-MI Psychiatric Syndromes: Six Unanswered Questions
Huffman, J. C., Smith, F. A., Quinn, D. K., & Fricchione, G. L. (2006) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/10673220601070013 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citation
Evolutionary Personality Psychology
Lewis, D. M. G., Al-Shawaf, L., & Buss, D. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.022 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Absolute versus Relative Values: Effects on Family Practitioners and Psychiatrists
Neumann, J. K., & Olive, K. E. (2003) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/01.smj.0000054607.44960.49 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Development of Personality across the Life Span
Atherton, O. E., Donnellan, M. B., & Robins, R. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.017 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Empirically Derived Psychometric Screening for Emotional Distress in Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Ketterer, M. W., Brawner, C. A., Zant, M. A. V., Keteyian, S. J., Ehrman, J. K., Knysz, W., Farha, A., Deveshwar, S., & Wulsin, L. R. (2007) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.jcn.0000278954.44759.3a · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
The relationship between occupational stress, emotional intelligence and coping strategies in air traffic controllers
Brink, E. (2009) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University) · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Prospective Study of a Self-Report Type A Scale and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: Test of the MMPI-2 Type A Scale
Ketterer, M. W. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circ.100.6.685/-b · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
Familial Transmissability of Early Age at Initial Diagnosis in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD): Males Only, and Mediated by Psychosocial/Emotional Distress?
Ketterer, M. W., Denollet, J., Chapp, J., Keteyian, S. J., Farha, A., Clark, V. L., Hudson, M. P., Hakim, A. R., Greenbaum, A. B., Schairer, J. R., et al. (2004) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1023/b:jobm.0000013640.69802.fa · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
Genetics of Personality
South, S. C., Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T., Eaton, N. R., & Krueger, R. F. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118133880.hop205001 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
SELF-REPORTED VERSUS OTHER-REPORTED DISTRESS AND CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION
Ketterer, M. W., & Smith, T. W. (2011) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e318230a553 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
Is social isolation/alienation confounded with, and non-independent of, emotional distress in its association with early onset of coronary artery disease?
Ketterer, M. W., Rose, B., Knysz, W., Farha, A., Deveshwar, S., Schairer, J. R., & Keteyian, S. J. (2011) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2010.534486 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
Approach–Avoidance Theories of Personality
Corr, P. J., & Krupıć, D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.025 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Screening, diagnosis & monitoring of depression/distress in CHF patients
Ketterer, M. W., & Knysz, W. (2007) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10741-007-9046-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
Personality and Politics
Caprara, G. V., & Vecchione, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.038 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Do others really know us better? Predicting migraine activity from self- and other-ratings of negative emotion
Lumley, M. A., Huffman, J. L., Rapport, L. J., Aurora, S. K., Norris, L. L., & Ketterer, M. W. (2005) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.09.005 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
Conceptual and Historical Perspectives
Cloninger, S. C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.004 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cognitive/behavioral therapy of anxiety in the medically ill: cardiac settings.
Ketterer, M. W. (1999) · PubMed · doi:10.1053/scnp00400148 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
An Interactive Model of Pain and Myocardial Ischemia
Hofkamp, S. E., Henrikson, C. A., & Wegener, S. T. (2007) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e318151a4bd · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Personality, Preferences and Socioeconomic Behavior
Ferguson, E., Zhao, K., & Smillie, L. D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.044 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A Psychometric Evaluation of the Chinese Version of the Short-Form Cardiac Depression Scale
Wang, W., Ski, C. F., Thompson, D. R., & Hare, D. L. (2011) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/j.psym.2011.04.003 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Temperament and Brain Networks of Attention
Rothbart, M. K., Posner, M. I., & Sheese, B. E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.016 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Accuracy in Person Perception
Biesanz, J. C., & Wallace, J. D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.006 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Effect of Guanxin Danshen Dripping Pills on Coronary Heart Disease Comorbid with Depression or Anxiety: The ADECODE-Real World Study
Wu, S., Shi, W., Li, Y., Liu, R., Hu, D., Zheng, L., & Ma, W. (2023) · Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11655-023-3628-x · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Personality in Clinical Psychology
Widiger, T. A., & McCabe, G. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.042 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
States and Situations, Traits and Environments
Asendorpf, J. B., & Rauthmann, J. F. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.007 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Emotional distress and social relationship dysfunction: The clinical implications of Type D?
Ketterer, M. W. (2010) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.06.001 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Personality Traits and Mental Disorders
Hakulinen, C. A., Jokela, M. M., Mika Kivimaki, B., & Elovainio, M. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.018 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Anxiety, Depression and Cognitive Dysfunction
Eysenck, M. W., & Holmes, A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.033 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Personality at Work
Salgado, J. F., Anderson, N. R., & Moscoso, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.040 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Models of Personality Structure
Raad, B. D., & Barelds, D. P. H. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.012 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cognitive Processes and Models
Matthews, G. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.028 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Basic Needs, Goals and Motivation
Szalma, J. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.030 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Personality in Cross-Cultural Perspective
Dragūns, J. G., & Tanaka‐Matsumi, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.037 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Chest Pain: Cardiac and Non-Cardiac
Ketterer, M. W., Lumley, M. A., Schairer, J. R., Farha, A., & Knysz, W. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85960-6_45 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
Narrative Identity in the Social World
McLean, K. C., Syed, M., Haraldsson, K. G., & Lowe, L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.035 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Personality and Crime
Lynam, D. R., Vize, C. E., & Miller, J. D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.043 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Traits and Dynamic Processes
Jayawickreme, E., & Zachry, C. E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.032 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Do Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Life Differ by the Number of Antianginals for Stable Ischemic Heart Disease? Insights from the BARI 2D Trial
Jamil, Y., Park, D. Y., Verde, L. M., Sherwood, M. W., Tehrani, B. N., Batchelor, W., Frampton, J., Damluji, A. A., & Nanna, M. G. (2023) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.12.045 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Attachment Theory
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.020 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Models of Physical Health and Personality
Heilmayr, D., & Friedman, H. S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.019 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Relationship of Psychological Characteristics to Daily Life Ischemia: An Analysis From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Psychophysiological Investigations in Myocardial Ischemia.
Dasa, O., Mahmoud, A. N., Kaufmann, P. G., Ketterer, M., Light, K. C., Raczynski, J. M., Sheps, D. S., Stone, P. H., Handberg, E. M., & Pepine, C. J. (2022) · PubMed · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001044 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Genetics of Personality
Sallis, H., Smith, G. D., & Munafo, M. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.024 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-Regulation and Control in Personality Functioning
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.029 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Personality in Nonhuman Animals
Bell, A. M., & Bensky, M. K. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.023 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Trait Approach
Weiß, A., & Deary, I. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.005 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Personality and the Unconscious
Perugini, M., Richetin, J., & Costantini, G. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.008 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Psychological distress as a predictor of coronary heart disease
Nicholson, A. (2003) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Preface
Corr, P. J., & Matthews, G. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.001 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Addendum: Statistical Analyses and Computer Programming in Personality
Corr, P. J., & Matthews, G. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.045 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
An experimental investigation of existential concerns in point-of-care testing for cardiovascular disease using a terror management theory framework
Dunne, S. K. (2012) · Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology)
D-tyypin persoonallisuus ja työkuormitus työtyytyväisyyden selittäjinä
Pekurinen, J. (2015) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
Correlates of Age at Initial Diagnosis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Exercise, ASA & Emotional Distress
Ketterer, M. W., Ketterer, E. A., Barthel, B. G., Hanbali, A. S., Kuriakose, P., Guo, Y., & Knysz, W. (2012) · Open Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.4236/ojmp.2012.12002
Self-citation

Men deny and women cry, but who dies? Do the wages of “denial” include early ischemic coronary heart disease?
Ketterer, M. W., Denollet, J., Chapp, J., Thayer, B., Keteyian, S. J., Clark, V., John, S. P., Farha, A., & Deveshwar, S. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00501-4 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citation
Group therapy for primary breast cancer: a randomized multicenter trial
Spiegel, D., Classen, C. C., Koopman, C., Atkinson, A., Dimiceli, S., Riggs, G., Westendorp, J., & Morrow, G. R. (2003) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00406-9
Effect of denial on cardiac health and psychological assessment
Dimsdale, J. E., & Hackett, T. P. (1982) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.139.11.1477 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Biomedical and Psychosocial Predictors of Anginal Frequency in Patients Following Angioplasty with and Without Coronary Stenting
Sirois, B. C., Sears, S. F., & Bertolet, B. D. (2003) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1023/a:1026201818892 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Emotional distress among males with “Syndrome X”
Ketterer, M. W., Brymer, J. F., Rhoads, K., Kraft, P. L., Kenyon, L., Foley, B., Lovallo, W. R., & Voight, C. J. (1996) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf01857678 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation

Authors: Ketterer, M. W., Huffman, J., Lumley, M. A., Wassef, S., Gray, L., Kenyon, L., Kraft, P., Brymer, J., Rhoads, K., Lovallo, W. R., & Goldberg, A. D.
Affiliations: Henry Ford Health (US)
Wayne State University (US)
Oklahoma City VA Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Ketterer, Mark W.
ORCID: Lumley, Mark A.
Lovallo, W.R.
Venue: Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1998-02
Volume: 44
Issue: 2
Pages: 241-250
ISSN: 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3999(97)00206-7
OpenAlex: W2079791496
Cited by: 112
References: 38
Citations by year: 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 40 · 2018: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 2.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Keywords: denial, emotional distress, psychosocial risk factors, coronary artery disease, cardiac events, myocardial infarction, revascularization, cardiac mortality, anxiety, depression, anger, self-report
MeSH terms: Angiography, Anxiety Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Denial, Psychological, Depressive Disorder, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Stress, Psychological, Videotape Recording, Myocardial Ischemia

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Five-year follow-up for adverse outcomes in males with at least minimally positive angiograms: importance of “denial” in assessing psychosocial risk factors

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks