Evidence that the Behaviors in the Mouse Defense Test Battery Relate to Different Emotional States: A Factor Analytic Study
Abstract
The Mouse Defense Test Battery (MDTB) has been designed to investigate defensive responses of Swiss-Webster mice confronted with a natural threat, a rat. These behaviors include flight, avoidance, defensive threat/attack reactions, and risk assessment activities. In the present study, a factor analysis was used to examine potential relationships between these behavioral responses. Five independent Factors were extracted from the 17 parameters obtained in the MDTB. Both Factor 1 and Factor 2 include cognitive aspects of defensive behaviors that appear to be related to the process of acquiring and analyzing information in the presence of threatful stimuli (i.e., risk assessment). Flight/avoidance responses heavily loaded on Factor 3 and to a lesser extent on Factor 4. Several defensive threat/attack reactions (i.e., upright postures and biting) highly loaded on Factor 4 and biting also loaded on Factor 3. Finally, the variables that loaded highly on Factor 5 were the number of wall rearings and climbings following the removal of the rat and the immobility time when the subject was trapped in a straight alley. Although the meaning of this latter Factor is not clear at present. Factors 1 to 4 seemingly relate to anxiety. Taken together with recent drug findings from the MDTB, the present analysis further supports the idea that this model provides measures that reflect different aspects of anxiety.
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During the defensive state of freezing, the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey serves as a brake on threat-related arousal systems and puts fight-or-flight reactions on hold.
“During the defensive state of freezing, the vlPAG serves as a brake on threat-related arousal systems and puts the fight-or-flight reactions on hold [14,57].”
From Freeze for action: neurobiological mechanisms in animal and human freezing (2017) · cites this paper as [57]
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- Authors
- GRIEBEL, G., BLANCHARD, D. C., & BLANCHARD, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Corresponding author
- GRIEBEL, GUY
- Venue
- Physiology & Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-11
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1255-1260
- ISSN
- 0031-9384 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1991990729
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physiology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- defensive behavior, anxiety, emotional state, threat assessment, risk assessment, factor structure, Swiss Webster mice
- MeSH terms
- Aggression, Animals, Anxiety, Cognition, Emotions, Escape Reaction, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Male, Posture, Vocalization, Animal, Head Movements, Mice, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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